Pharyngeal irritation

Oral, laryngeal, pharyngeal irritation, fungal infections, suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function... 

ACUTE HEALTH RISKS irritation of skin, eyes and upper respiratory system conjunctivitis lacrimation comeal edema opacity and photophobia nasal, pharyngeal irritation coughing dyspnea bronchitis. 

Vapors from the solvents or actual contact can also cause irritation of the eyes and the lining, or mucous membrane, of the nose and throat. If the vapors penetrate further into the respiratory passages, these too will become irritated and cause an irritation of the back of the throat (pharyngitis), or worse still, inflammation of the bronchi (breathing tubes) in the condition of bronchitis, which we have already seen occurring with the irritant gases. 

Exposure to and inhalation of concentrations of 2500-6500ppm, as might result from accidents with liquid anhydrous ammonia, cause severe corneal irritation, dyspnea, bron-chospasm, chest pain, and pulmonary edema that may be fatal. Upper airway obstruction due to laryngeal/pharyngeal edema and desquamation of mucous membranes may occur early in the course and require endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy. " Case reports have documented chronic airway hyperreactivity and asthma, with associated obstructive pulmonary function changes after massive ammonia exposures. ... 

Headache (27%) nausea (15%) restlessness, nervousness, tremors (20%) dizziness (less than 7%) throat dryness and irritation, pharyngitis (less than 6%) BP changes, including hypertension (5%-3%) heartburn, transient wheezing (less than 5%) Occasional (3%-2%)... 

Nasal Mild nasopharyngeal irritation, burning, stinging, or dryness headache cough Inhalation Flu-like symptoms, headache, pharyngitis Occasional (3%-l %)... 

Cough, tremor, dizziness, vertigo, throat dryness or irritation, pharyngitis Rare (3%)... 

Halothane is non-irritant and can be inhaled at high concentrations to produce rapid, smooth induction of anaesthesia. It obtunds the protec five pharyngeal and laryngeal reflexes. At deeper planes, tracheal intubation may be performed. Halothane has a pronounced bronchodilating action and this may be an advantage in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease. Both tachypnoea and slowing of respiration may be observed at deeper planes of anaesthesia. 

Rotenone (Figure 56-1) is obtained from Derris elliptica, D mallaccensis, Lonchocarpus utilis, and L urucu. The oral ingestion of rotenone produces gastrointestinal irritation. Conjunctivitis, dermatitis, pharyngitis, and rhinitis can also occur. Treatment is symptomatic. 

Bloodroot is believed to act as an expectorant, spasmolytic, emetic, cathartic, antiseptic, cardioactive agent, topical irritant, and escharotic (scab-producing). Traditionally, it is taken for bronchitis (subacute or chronic), asthma, croup, laryngitis, pharyngitis, deficient capillary circulation, nasal polyps (as a snuff), and specifically for asthma and bronchitis with feeble peripheral circulation. 

Respiratory Effects. Occupational exposure to chromium compounds results in direct contact of mucocutaneous tissue, such as nasal and pharyngeal epithelium, due to inhalation of airborne dust and mists of these compounds. Such exposures have led to nose and throat irritation and nasal septum perforation. Because exposure is to airborne chromium, studies noting these effects are described in Section 2.2.1.2. 

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