Pharmacokinetics pharmacodynamics

Czock D, Giehl M, Keller F (2000) A concept for pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic dosage adjustment in renal impairment the case of aminoglycosides. Clin Pharmacokinet 38(4) 367—375. Erratum in Clin Pharma-cokinet 2000 39(3) 231... 

Jen J, Laughlin M, Chung C, Heft S, Affrime MB, Gupta SK, Glue P, Hajian G (2002) Ribavirin dosing in chronic hepatitis C application of population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic models, Clin Pharmacol Ther 72 349-361... 

Sheiner LB, Steimer JL. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling in drug development. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2000 40 67-95. 

Gieschke R, Reigner BG, Steimer JL. Exploring clinical study design by computer simulation based on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1997 35 469-74. 

Schaddelee MP, Collins SD, DeJongh J, de Boer AG, Ijzerman AP, Danhof M. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling of the anti-hyperalgesic and antinociceptive effect of adenosine A1 receptor partial agonists in neuropathic pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2005 May 9 514(2-3) 131-40. 

Duffal SB, Kimko HC (eds). Simulation for designing clinical trials a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling perspective (Drugs and the pharmaceutical sciences, Vol 127). New York Marcel Dekker, 2003... 

Rosario MC, Jacqmin P, Dorr P, van der Ryst E, Hitchcock C. A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic disease model to predict in vivo antiviral activity of maraviroc. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2005 78(5) 508-519. 

H. Derendorf and G. Hochhaus, Handbook of Pharmacokinetic / Pharmacodynamic Correlation, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1995. 

Mathot RAA, van Schaick EA, Langemeijer MWE, Soudijn W, Breimer DD, Ijzerman AP, Danhof M. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship of the cardiovascular effects of the adenosine A receptor agonist A -cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) in the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1994 268 616-624. 

Simulation for Designing Clinical Trials A Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling Perspective, edited by Hui C. Kimko and Stephen B. Duffull... 

LLB Ponto, RD Schoenwald. Furosemide A pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics review. Clin Pharmacok 18 381-408, 1993. 

Ponto, L. L., Schoenwald, R. D., Furosemide (frusemide). A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic review (Part I), Clin. Pharmacokinet. 1990, 38, 381-408. 

Gobburu, J. V., Marroum, P. J., Utilisation of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling and simulation in regulatory dedsion-... 

A prerequisite to pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies is the availability of a sufficiently selective and sensitive assay. The assay must be capable of detecting and accurately quantifying the therapeutic protein in the presence of a complex soup of contaminant molecules characteristic of tissue extracts/body fluids. As described in Chapter 7, specific proteins are usually detected and quantified either via immunoassay or bioassay. Additional analytical approaches occasionally used include liquid chromatography (e.g. HPLC) or the use of radioactively labelled protein. 

Avramis, V. and Panosyan, E. 2005. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships of asparaginase formulations - the past, the present and recommendations for the future. Clinical Pharmacokinetics 44(4), 367-393. 

Therapeutic failure may be the result of nonadherence to medication, development of drug resistance, intolerance to one or more medications, adverse drug-drug interactions, or pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic variability. 

It has become increasingly accepted that the pharmacokinetic behavior of new drugs represents an important attribute, along with efficacy and safety. The frequency with which a drug must be taken is a function of several factors the half-life, the span between minimally efficacious concentrations and concentrations that cause side-effects, and the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship. Typically medicinal chemists optimize the predicted pharmacokinetics of... 

Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Labs, Groton, CT, USA... 

Keywords Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics Drug-drug interactions Adverse drug reactions... 

Medinsky MA. 1995. The application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) modeling to understanding the mechanism of action of hazardous substances. Toxicol Lett 79 185-191. 

The serendipitous discovery of the antitumor activity of cisplatin opened a huge field of research, leading to significant advances and successes in cancer chemotherapy [181]. Cisplatin and its analogues are reactive complexes that exhibit pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and toxicological behaviors so closely interdependent as to be all but impossible to untangle. Our focus here is and remains metabolism, but some considerations regarding activity and toxicity are also addressed. 

Pharmacokinetics — Pharmacodynamics in New Drug Development Sarfaraz K. Niazi 335... 

Another challenge is how and when to consider isomers, metabolites, and the actual finished product. In general, any parent compound and its major metabolite(s) that achieve, or are suspected to achieve, systemic exposure in humans should be evaluated. Assessment of the effects of major (i.e., >25% of the parent) human-specific metabolite(s), if absent or present only at relatively low concentrations in animals, should be considered.25,52 This is of particular importance if the metabolite(s) is known to substantially contribute to the pharmacological actions of the NCE. In vitro or in vivo testing of the individual isomers should also be considered. Moreover, studies on the finished product are only necessary if the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics is substantially altered in comparison to the active NCE tested previously. 

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