Pharmaceutical industry generics

The U.S. Generic Druglndustry Brand-Name and Generic U.S. Saks, Generic Pharmaceutical Industry Association, Washington, D.C., 1992. 

This work is presented in two voiumes. The arrangement within the books is aiphabetic by generic name. The tabie of contents appears at the beginning of Volume 1. There is also an index by trade names used in many of the countries in the world. Another index lists the raw materials used in the manufacture of the various drugs, an index which should be commercially valuable to suppliers of chemical raw materials to the pharmaceutical industry. These indexes appear at the end of Volume 2. 

Generics 2001 and the generic pharmaceutical industry, supplemental issue to U.S. Pharmacist, Nov. 2000. 

Mestre, J. (1999), The impact of generic goods in the pharmaceutical industry , Health Economics, 8, 599-612. 

Online SPE LC/MS/MS is commonly used for bioanalytical applications in the pharmaceutical industry. Column switching systems and TFC systems are easy to build and control. Sophisticated commercial systems and SPE cartridges are readily available. Compared to offline sample preparation, the online approach can save time and labor. However, the development of online SPE bioanalytical assays remains analyte-dependent. Generic methods can be applied to many analytes. For extremely hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and ionic analytes at normal pH range and analytes with a variety of hydrophobicity and pKa values, analyte-specific methods must be developed. An understanding of the chemistry of the analytes and SPE is critical. 

With respect to mice, the CD-I is by far the most commonly used strain in the pharmaceutical industry. Other strains used less frequently are the B6C3F1, CF-1, NMRI, C57B1, Balb/c, and Swiss (PMA, 1988 Rao et al., 1988). Swiss is the generic term since most currently used inbred and outbred strains were originally derived from the Swiss mouse. 

Dissolution tests are used nowadays in the pharmaceutical industry in a wide variety of applications to help identify which formulations will produce the best results in the clinic, to release products to the market, to verify batch-to-batch reproducibility, and to help identify whether changes made to formulations or their manufacturing procedure after marketing approval are likely to affect the performance in the clinic. Further, dissolution tests can sometimes be implemented to help determine whether a generic version of the medicine can be approved or not. 

Congressional Budget Office (CBO), How increased competition from generic drugs has affected policy and returns in the pharmaceutical industry, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1998. 

In the case of glycoprotein biopharmaceuticals, the consequence of the multiple glycosylated products is the need for strict control of the manufacturing process to maintain a reproducible spectrum of products with consistent therapeutic profile. That biopharmaceuticals often contain mixtures of related products can also be advantageous to the pharmaceutical industry in warding off generic competition, due to the challenge of... 

American Association of Retired Persons American Health Care Association American Hospital Association American Medical Association American Nurses Association American Pharmaceutical Association American Society of Health-System Pharmaeists American Society for Healthcare Risk Management Department of Veterans Affairs Food and Drug Administration Generic Pharmaceutical Industry Association Institute for Safe Medication Practices... 

Bureau of Economics Staff Report, Federal Trade Commission, The Pharmaceutical Industry A Discussion of Competitive and Antitrust Issues in an Environment of Change (Mar. 1999) available at David Reiffen and Michael R. Ward, Generic Drug Industry Dynamics, Bureau of Economics Working Paper No. 248 (Feb. 2002) ( Reiffen and Ward ), available at... 

Congressional Budget Office, How Increased Competition from Generic Drugs Has Affected Prices and Returns in the Pharmaceutical Industry (July 1998) ( CBO Study) at 28, available at... 

The ABPI examinations for medical representatives and generic sales representatives are based on a syllabus published by the ABPI which covers, as appropriate, subjects such as body systems, disease processes and pharmacology, the classification of medicines and pharmaceutical technology. Information on the National Health Service and pharmaceutical industry forms an additional core part of the syllabus. The syllabus is complementary to, and may be incorporated within, the company s induction training which is provided to representatives as a pre-requisite to carrying out their function. 

Saha, Atanu, Henry Grabowski, Howard Birnbaum, Paul Greenberg, and Oded Bizan. 2006. Generic Competition in the U.S. Pharmaceutical Industry. International Journal of the Economics of Business 13(1) 15-38. 

Scott Morton, F. M. 1999. Entry Decisions in the Generic Pharmaceutical Industry. RAND Journal of Economics 30(3) 421 40. 

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