Pharmaceutical drug formulation ingredient

Quantitative Determination of Active Ingredients in a Pharmaceutical Drug Formulation... 

The quantitative determination of the active ingredients forms only part of the quality control requirements for a pharmaceutical drug formulation. Equally important is the homogeneous distribution of the active ingredients in the formulation, and in this respect the inherent advantage of imaging measurements comes into play and provides the relevant information. As an example, in Figure 9.41 the... 

Table 12 gives an orientation help for CE separations sorted by pharmaceutical substances published in review articles. As this chapter focuses on the technical development of drug substances and products, only drug substances and drug formulations are covered. A useful compendium of CE applications in the pharmaceutical environment can be found in the book Capillary Electrophoresis Methods for Pharmaceutical Analysis written by G. Lunn. The book covers more than 700 active pharmaceutical ingredients and contains short method descriptions, sample preparation steps, and references. 

Solubilisation is important in the formulation of pharmaceutical drugs containing water insoluble ingredients, in detergency (removal of oily soil), in emulsion polymerisation and in micellar catalysis. 

These problems are based on some of the highest volume and highest value pharmaceutical compounds at the time of writing. In most cases, the desired product is an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), although a few of the problems relate to other compounds used in drug formulation. 

HFC-134a and -227 are novel pharmaceutical excipients (inactive ingredients) developed for widespread and long-term use as replacements for CFCs in MDIs. Because the propellants in MDIs comprise the large majority of the formulation, often in excess of 98%, and the patients using these drugs are particularly vulnerable to airway irritation or toxicities, extensive testing had to be conducted on these propellants. Thus, both of these HFCs have... 

In cases where drug formulations containing more than one polymorph are marketed it is required that the composition is fixed in relation to each polymorphic form. The issue is complicated by the conversions between polymorphs in the solid state. It is clear that the conversion of a crystal structure in a more stable polymorph has to be inhibited, to preserve the composition of the drug formulation. In terms of morphological stability, the production of the more stable polymorph of an active pharmaceutical ingredient is the more convenient option however, other issues may play critical roles. 

Monoterpenes are widely used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industry as active components of drugs and ingredients of artificial flavours and fragrances [1]. Camphene is converted to isobomeol and bomeol that are used in formulation of soaps, cosmetic perfumes and medicines, as well as in the industrial production of camphor [2], which is used as an odorant/flavorant in pharmaceutical, household and industrial products [7]. Traditionally, homogeneous catalysts, e.g sulphuric acid, are used, but the effluent disposal leads to environmental problems and economical inconveniences. These problems can be overcome by the use of solid acid catalysts. USY zeolite [3], heteropolyacids [4,5] and sulfonic acid surface-functionalised silica [6] have also been used for the camphene hydration. 

Pharmaceutical formulation development involves various components in addition to the active pharmaceutical ingredients. In recent years, excipient development has become a core area of research in pharmaceutical drug delivery because it influences the formulation development and drug delivery... 

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