Phagocytes phagocyte system

This section will briefly discuss the clearance kinetics and tissue distribution of liposomes in vivo (reviewed by Senior, 1987 Hwang, 1987 Gregoriadis, 1988a Hwang end Beaumier, 1988 Juliano, 1988). Liposomes, when administered in vivo by a variety of routes, rapidly accumulate in the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), also referred... 

Allen, T. M. (1988). Toxicity of drug carriers to the mononuclear phagocyte system, Adv. Drug Dehv. Rev.. 2, 55-67. 

Becker, S. (1988). Functions of the human mononuclear phagocyte system A condensed review, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 3, 1-100. 

Figure 8.1 Body iron stores and daily iron exchange. The figure shows a schematic representation of the routes of iron movement in normal adult male subjects. The plasma iron pool is about 4 mg (transferrin-bound iron and non-transferrin-bound iron), although the daily turnover is over 30 mg. The iron in parenchymal tissues is largely haem (in muscle) and ferritin/haemosiderin (in hepatic parenchymal cells). Dotted arrows represent iron loss through loss of epithelial cells in the gut or through blood loss. Numbers are in mg/day. Transferrin-Tf haemosiderin - hs MPS - mononuclear phagocytic system, including macrophages in spleen and Kupffer cells in liver.

Roesler, J. et al., Application of purified polysaccharides from cell cultures of the plant Echinacea purpurea to test subjects mediates activation of the phagocyte system, Int J Immunopharmacol, 13, 931, 1991. 

Bazile D, Prud homme C, Bassoullet MT, Marlard M, Spenlehauer G, Veillard M (1995) Stealth Me.PEG-PLA nanoparticles avoid uptake by the mononuclear phagocytes system. J Pharm Sci 84 493 198. 

D < 5 ijrm Particles captured by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). 

D. A. Hume, P. Pavli, R. E. Donahue, and I. J. Fidler, The effect of human recombinant macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) on the murine mononuclear phagocyte system in vivo, J.Immunol. 141, 3405-3409 (1988). 

About 70% of the total body store of iron (-5 g) is contained within erythrocytes. When these are degraded by macrophages of the reticuloendothelial (mononuclear phagocyte) system, iron is liberated from hemoglobin. Fe can be stored as ferritin (= protein apoferri-tin + Fe ) or returned to erythropoiesis sites via transferrin. 

The delivery of drugs to the RES (also referred to as the mononuclear phagocyte system) is an area where liposomes have a potential for success. They were successfully used in the delivery of antimonial drugs to treat experimental leishmaniasis infection [313], Very good results were obtained in the treatment of systemic fungal infections in cancer patients using liposomal amphotericin B [314, 315]. 

Also termed the mononuclear phagocytic system, monocytes circulate in the blood and macrophages in the tissues. In the bone marrow during hematopoiesis, the... 

As with normal hydrocarbon-based surfactants, polymeric micelles have a core-shell structure in aqueous systems (Jones and Leroux, 1999). The shell is responsible for micelle stabilization and interactions with plasma proteins and cell membranes. It usually consists of chains of hydrophilic nonbiodegradable, biocompatible polymers such as PEO. The biodistribution of the carrier is mainly dictated by the nature of the hydrophilic shell (Yokoyama, 1998). PEO forms a dense brush around the micelle core preventing interaction between the micelle and proteins, for example, opsonins, which promote rapid circulatory clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) (Papisov, 1995). Other polymers such as pdty(sopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) (Cammas etal., 1997 Chung etal., 1999) and poly(alkylacrylicacid) (Chen etal., 1995 Kwon and Kataoka, 1995 Kohorietal., 1998) can impart additional temperature or pH-sensitivity to the micelles, and may eventually be used to confer bioadhesive properties (Inoue et al., 1998). 

As well as their function in binding to antigen, immunoglobulins have other roles within the immune system that necessitate interactions with other proteins such as those of the complement and phagocytic systems. In techniques such as immunofluorescence or in in vivo applications, these interactions can be problematic but can be solved by the use of selective proteolysis to remove parts of the molecule. The polypeptide chains making up the IgG molecule... 

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