Petroleum generation

Thermal Modeling of Petroleum Generation Theory and Applications... 

The petroleum generation process can be dupHcated by laboratory pyrolysis. Higher temperatures are needed to produce these reactions in a few hours or days rather than the millions of years in nature (16,17). Both dry pyrolysis and hydrous pyrolysis have been used. 

Biomarkers form a small percentage of bitumen and cmde oils, but relative distributions and complex stmctures are modified by the various processes involved during petroleum generation and accumulation. These biomarkers are widely used for correlation studies, and for recognition and documentation of the progress of generation and maturation (52,53). 

Clayton, J. L. and P. J. Swetland, 1980, Petroleum generation and migration in Denver basin. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 64, 1613— 1633. 

Simoneit BRT (ed) (1990) Organic matter in hydrothermal systems - petroleum generation, migration and biogeochemistry. Appl Geochem 5 1... 

Organic Matter in Hydrothermal Systems — Petroleum Generation, Migtation and Biogeochemistty, Applied Geochem 5 17—27, 1990. 

Simoneit BRT, Petroleum generation, an easy and widespread process in hydrothermal systems An overview. Applied Geochem 5 3—15, 1990. 

Simoneit BRT, Natural hydrous pyrolysis — Petroleum generation in submarine hydrothermal systems, in Whelan JK, Farrington JW (eds.). Productivity, Accumulation and Preservation of Organic Matter in Recent and Ancient Sediments, Columbia University Press, New York, 368-402, 1992. 

PHILIPPI (G.T.), 1965. On the depth time and mechanism of petroleum generation. Geochim. Acta 291021-49. 

Tissot, B., Geochemical Problems in Petroleum Generation and Migra-... 

The petroleum generation sequence can also be followed approximately by increases in the total abundance of the light hydrocarbons. Type A has no light hydrocarbons and between 100 and 200 ppb of the gases. Type B, with about equivalent amounts of gases, has 49 ppb hep-... 

One of the main reasons for the recent interest in organic sulfur in sedimentary organic matter is the growing evidence that it plays a role in the petroleum generation process. Organically-bound sulfur has been implicated in the formation of low API gravity, asphaltene-rich petroleums at a low level of thermal exposure (1). Recent studies indicate that... 

Artificial Maturation. Laboratory maturation studies provide a means to determine the influence of temperature on kerogen composition, since other variables (e.g. source input) can be eliminated. In order to study the behaviour of organically bound sulfur under these controlled conditions, Py-GC-FID/FPD was performed on a suite of solvent-extracted residues from sealed vessel (hydrous pyrolysis) experiments aimed at simulating maturation over the range involved in petroleum generation. 

A tank ship loaded a cargo of liquid sulfur (temperature 260°- 280°F) (127°- 138°C) on to a heel of crude oil. The reaction between liquid sulfur and petroleum generates toxic gases, including hydrogen sulfide, carbon disulfide and sulfur dioxide. The ship s crew was hospitalized and the ship, seeking a port of refuge, was denied entrance to several harbors until the reaction had run to completion as the sulfur cooled and eventually solidified. 

Person M. A. and Garven G. (1992) Hydrologic constraints on petroleum generation within continental rift basins theory and apphcation to the Rhine Graben. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geologists Bull. 76, 468—488. 

The timing of generation is important, since oil accumulation does not occur if reservoirs or traps are not available when the source rock has started to generate oil. Timing of petroleum generation is... 

I wan M. D. (1985) Evaluation of petroleum generation by hydrous pyrolysis experimentation. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London A 315, 123-134. 

Powell T. G. and Boreham C. J. (1991) Petroleum generation and source rock assessment in terrigenous sequences an update. APEA J. 31, 297-311. 

Rasmussen R. and Buick R. (2000) Oily old ores, evidence for hydrothermal petroleum generation in an Archean volcanogenic massive sulpide deposit. Geology 27, 115-118. 

Central Graben, North Sea Source rocks in petroleum generation stage 220 Pepper and Dodd (1995)... 

Noble R. A., Wu C. H., and Atkinson C. D. (1991) Petroleum generation and migration from Talang Akar coals and shales offshore NW Java, Indonesia. Org. Geochem. 17, 363-374. 

Price L. C. and Wenger L. M. (1992) The influence of pressure on petroleum generation and migration as suggested by aqueous pyrolysis. Org. Geochem. 19, 141—159. 

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