Petroleum acid sludge

Acid sludge the residue left after treating petroleum oil with sulfuric acid for the removal of impurities a black, viscous substance containing the spent acid and impurities. 

Brown acid oil-soluble petroleum sulfonates found in acid sludge that can be recovered by extraction with naphtha solvent. Brown-acid sulfonates are somewhat similar to mahogany sulfonates but are more water soluble. In the dry, oil-free state, the sodium soaps are light-colored powders. 

Fines from petroleum coke are too small to use alone for domestic heating. But petroleum coke fines have been briqueted successfully, and the briquets used as domestic fuel (21, 88). In one instance, briquets made with 5 to 10% of refinery acid sludge as the binder were roasted to 1100° F. The resulting briquets were clean, hard, strong, and smokeless and could be stored or shipped in any weather. Uncalcined briquets tend to soften and deform in hot weather (16). 

Waste sulfuric acid sludges from petroleum refineries are disposed of by conversion to S02 for production of fresh sulfuric acid. The heavy organic components of the sludges can be decomposed thermally at 800-1300°C (Lurgi, Monsanto Enviro-Chem) or reduc-tively at 200-600°C with coal in a rotary kiln (Chemico). Thermal decomposition is accom-... 

Acid sludge, see Petroleum, p.l83 Beverage extract (concentrate), see Extracts,... 

Refinery sludges remain after distillation and residuum processing. These include petroleum coke (64741-79-3), oils burned in the refinery, and acid sludges containing sulphuric acid used in the refining processes. Acid sludges are used commercially in fertilizer manufacture. 

Other sulfur bearing materials—waste acidic sludge, gypsum, spent sulfuric acid itself from certain petroleum refineries... 

Mahogany sulfonates n. Soaps, the sodium salts of sulfonic acids from petroleum refining sludge used in synthetic resin production, as are sorbitan oleates and laurates, polyoxyethylene esters. 

The American Petroleum Institute recommends conducting acid sludge test API RP 42 before performing acidizing jobs in the field [39], These tests are used to determine the type and concentration of the surfactant (nonionic or anionic) needed to break acid-in-oil emulsions in a reasonable period of time. It is very important to perform the tests using live and spent acids at reservoir temperature. Spent acid should be prepared in the lab using formation rock. The live and spent acids should include acid additives as per field formula. The crude oil sample should be fresh, and free from water and oilfield chemicals (e.g., scale inhibitors, demulsifiers, etc.). 

Black oil should be a pure petroleum product free from fatty oils, fatty acids, resins, soaps, or other nonhydrocarbons. Sediment and sludge, insoluble in paraffin naphtha, should not exceed 12% when determined by the methods of the American Association of State Highway Officials. The product should be a distilled or fractionated oil, and should contain no oil-well water or residue therefrom. The product should be free of or contain no more than traces of naphthenic acids, naphthenes, mercaptans, soluble sulfide, and volatile sulfur derivatives. The oil should flow freely from the tank car at temperatures above 32 F. 

Coal liquefaction Fischer-Tropsch synthesis Synthesis of methanol Hydrogenation of oils Alkylation of methanol and benzene Polymerization of olefins Hydrogenation of coal oils, heavy oil fractions, and unsaturated fatty acids Adsorption of S02 in an aqueous slurry of magnesium oxide and calcium carbonate S02 or removal from tail gas Wet oxidation of waste sludge Catalytic desulfurization of petroleum fractions Wastewater treatment... 

In petroleum refining, lubricating oil is treated with sulfuric acid to remove unsaturated compounds, and after settling, the oil and acid layers are separated. The acid layer is added to water and heated to separate the sulfuric acid from the sludge contained in it. The dilute sulfuric acid, now 20% H2SO4 at 82°C, is fed to a... 

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