Pesticides registration

EPA JV,IV-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEFT), Pesticide Registration Standard, U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C., 1980. 

The full extent of the toxicity of pesticides to aquatic life is not known. Although chronic toxicity testing is required for new substances, little is known about the long-term effects of older pesticides. Also, very little is known about the toxicity and occurrence of the products formed when pesticides break down (metabolites) or the many non-pesticidal additives (co-formulants and adjuvants) used in pesticide formulations. However, the future is looking brighter. New modelling techniques, EQS development, and the involvement of the NRA in the pesticide registration process, coupled with the development of newer, less persistent pesticides with lower dose rates, all should help to reduce the risk of pesticide pollution. 

EPA. 1982b. Hexachlorohexahydromethano-2,4,3-benzodioxatbiepin-3-oxide (Endosulfan) Pesticide registration standard. Washington, DC U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. EPA-540/RS-82-008. 

EPA. 1998b. Notice of receipt of requests for amendments to delete uses in certain pesticide registrations. Notice. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Federal Register. 63 FR 13246. March 18, 1998. 

Kapustka, L.A., Williams, B.A., and Fairbrother, A. (1996). Evaluating risk predictions at population and community levels in pesticide registration. Environmental Toxicology Chemistry 15, 427-431. 

W.G. Fong, Regulatory aspects pesticide registration, risk assessment and tolerance, residue analysis, and monitoring, in Pesticide Residues in Foods Methods, Techniques, and Regulations, ed. W.G. Fong, H.A. Moye, J.N. Seiber, and J.R Toth, WUey, New York, Chapt. 7 (1999). 

In 1947, the Japanese government promulgated the Pesticide Registration Law (PRL) administered by the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry [now Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF)]. At that time, the purpose of this law was to control the quality of end-use pesticide products since there were many poor-quality and fake products in the market in the 1940s. 

G.M. Markle, Minor Use Pesticides-Registration (lR-4 Program) Dynamic Project, in Encyclopedia of Agrochemicals, WUey, Chichester, in press. 

United States Environmental Protection Agency, Pesticide Registration (PR) Notice 86-5, US Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. Also available on the World Wide Web http //www.epa.gov/PR Notices/pr86-5.html. 

Field residue data, which are generated to meet requirements in the pesticide registration process, are used to regulate the use of agriculture products within the European Union (EU). This article examines the best practices to conduct crop field trials and to generate crop residue samples in Europe in order to provide part of the data that the agrochemical producers of the active ingredients must provide to the EU Commission. 

Accurate, precise and sensitive analytical methods are important to the collection of data needed for regulatory decisions about pesticide registration. This article describes the various components of analytical method development, validation and implementation that affect the collection of pesticide residue distribution data for regulatory assessment of environmental fate and water quality impacts. Included in this discussion are both the technical needs of analytical methods and the attributes of study design and sample collection needed to develop data that are useful for regulatory purposes. 

The fundamental issue is to describe how much of the residue can be characterized accurately and whether an accounting of the applied mass of pesticide can be maintained throughout the course of the experiment. A series of environmental fate studies is required for pesticide registration in order to characterize the degradation pathways and formation and decline patterns of each major degradate. These studies are typically conducted in the laboratory under controlled conditions, applying radiolabeled pesticides to evaluate the extraction efficiency of various procedures. When standard extraction methods fail to release a significant amount of the applied radioactivity, more efficient and exhaustive extraction procedures are tried in a stepwise fashion... 

Pesticides, including insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides, are widely used in agriculture, and the potential for these residues to accumulate in food has led to concern for human safety. Pesticide residues may enter food animals from environmental sources or from treated or contaminated feeds. Immunoassay development for pesticides has had major impacts for pesticide registrations, analysis of residues in foods, monitoring environmental contamination, determination of occupational exposure, and integration of pest management. 

EDS has an important role in the international harmonization of pesticide registrations in facilitating the shared reviews among countries. Since multiple countries will be involved, this presents an expanded aspect to the issue of EDS systems compatibility. 

MAFF/Joint Medical Panel of the Scientific Subcommittee on Pesticides of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food and the Toxicology Committee of the British Agrochemical Association (1986/1992) Estimation of Exposure and Absorption of Pesticides by Spraying Operators, MAFF, Pesticides Registration Department, Harpenden Laboratory, Harpenden, Herts, England. 

In considering pesticide residues, it was clearly shown that crops from organic production systems contain no or significantly lower levels of pesticide residues than crops from conventional systems (Baker et al., 2002). However, while some scientists are concerned about the potential health impacts from such residues (Porter et al., 1999 Benbrook, 2002), pesticide legislators maintain that current pesticide risk assessments and pesticide registration procedures are adequate and that residues below the current legal limits can not have a negative health impact in humans (e.g. PSD, 2006). 

USEPA (1993) Pesticide registration progress report EPA 738-R-93-001. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, USA... 

Fagerstone, K.A., PJ. Savarie, DJ. Elias, and E.W. Schafer, Jr. 1994. Recent regulatory requirements for pesticide registration and the status of compound 1080 studies conducted to meet EPA requirements. Pages 33-38 in A.A. Seawright and C.T. Eason (eds.). Proceedings of the Science Workshop on 1080. The Royal Society of New Zealand, Misc. Ser. 28. 

Environmental chemistry analytical methods, 9 442 corporate programs, 9 456 457 of Dyes 9 431-463 effluent treatment, 9 432 437 fate of dyes, 9 437-442 pesticide registration requirements for, 18 545-547... 

Pesticide mobility studies, 18 546 Pesticide registration requirements, in the United States, 18 543-550 Pesticide regulation, 18 524, 536-543. See also Pesticide regulations role of international organizations in,... 

Product chemistry, pesticide registration requirements for, 73 544 Product contact utilities, 77 44-45 Product cost, 9 531-534 Product design... 

Residential exposure, pesticide registration requirements for, 73 549-550 Resident time distribution (RTD), in reactors, 27 355-356 Residual property, 24 659... 

Residue chemistry, pesticide registration requirements for, 18 544-545 Residue curve maps (RCM), 8 790-793 22 302, 303... 

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