Pesticide handler exposure database

Means and standard deviations for these distributions were normalized to daily breathing rates (m3/day), and an acceptable range was defined. It was assumed that the "day" represents the duration of time within a working day that chlorpyrifos may be handled by an individual (0.25 to 6.0 hr). It was also assumed that exposures would be negligible for the remainder of the working day following application or other contact. Both the dermal and inhalation exposures were assumed to follow lognormal distributions, which is consistent with common practice for exposure data distributions (for example, in the Pesticide Handlers Exposure Database, PHED). 

Exposure assessments are commonly done using computer modeling (e.g., Pesticide Handlers Exposure Database [PHED]). Computer modeling was not used for cyromazine 75 WG because of the limited information in the database on wettable powders packed in water-soluble bags at the time the study was planned. 

Pesticides Handlers Exposure Database (PHED) software, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Health and Welfare Canada, National Agricultural Chemicals Association (U.S.) software originally issued February 1992 with subsequent upgrades. 

Generally speaking, the equipment that workers use and the type of agricultural work performed while handling pesticides or pesticide-treated commodities have a major impact on the level of exposure a worker receives. Neat work habits generally lead to lower exposure for agricultural workers who handle pesticides. The current Pesticide Handlers Exposure Database (PHED), which is used to predict exposure to mixers/loaders/applicators, is based on this concept. 

Dr. Day was a founding member of the Pesticide Handlers Exposure Database (PHED) Task Force, and was instrumental in the development of the database, which is now widely used in the field of pesticide worker exposure. In 1994, he was a key player in the formation of the Agricultural Worker Re-entry Task Force (ARTF) and the Outdoor Residential Exposure Task Force (ORETF), and he served as chairman of the ARTF Technical Committee from its inception in 1994 until his retirement from DowElanco. Dr. Day also served as his company s representative on the Residue Technical Committee of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) from 1989 to 1996. He continues to serve as a consultant to the agrochemical industry. 

The USEPA concluded that the unit exposures from both the passive and biological monitoring studies were within an order of magnitude of the values in the Pesticide Handler Exposure Database (PHED, 1992). 

PHED (1992). Notice of Availability of the Pesticide Handlers Exposure Database Version 1.1 through VERSAR, Inc., Arlington, VA, USA, Federal Register, 57(107), 23403-23404, June 3, Washington, DC, USA. 

USEPA (1995b). Pesticide Handlers Exposure Database (PHED) User s Guide, Version... 

PRINCIPLES OF OPERATOR EXPOSURE MODELLING 175 PHED PESTICIDE HANDLERS EXPOSURE DATABASE 176 General Description 176 Qnality of Data 177 Formnlations and Use Scenarios 177 Use in Risk Assessment 178 Exposnre Rednction Measures 178 Model Updates 179 Comments on the Model 179 GERMAN MODEL 180 General Description 180 Formulations and Use Scenarios 181 Use in Risk Assessment 182 Exposure Reduction Measures 182 Model Updates 182 Comments on the Model 183... 

Nielsen, A., P. Curry and T. Leighton (1995). The Pesticide Handlers Exposure Database (PHED) Regulatory Overview, in Methods of Pesticide Exposure Assessment, M. Maroni,... 

Leighton, T.M. and A.P. Nielsen (1995). The United States Environmental Protection Agency, Health Canada and National Agricultural Chemicals Association pesticide handlers exposure database, Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg., 10, 270-273. 

Recent consultations on central tendency selection for the Pesticide Handlers Exposure Database (PHED) resulted in general guidance (Ginevan, 1999) that may be applicable beyond the PHED. This consultation resulted in the following general guidance recommendations ... 

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