PEST-analysis

Two of the analytical methodologies that are commonly used to assist in this process have the acronyms STEEP and SWOT. STEEP, which stands for Sociological, Technological, Economic, Environmental and Political, is an extended version of PEST, both of which involve the analysis of these key drivers in a specific location or on a global scale depending on the type of organisation concerned. A brief example of some of the components of a typical PEST analysis is shown in Table Cl. 

A company can analyze its business environment by applying the PEST analysis and determine the influencing factors as seen in Fig. 2.4. This method is helpful in order to get a better understanding of the company s environment within supply chain management. 

Fig. 2.4 PEST analysis to evaluate the company environment (Miiller-Stewens and Lechner2005)...

PEST-analysIs Five forces mafrix Demarcafion mafrix Core competency assessment... 

Frevert J, Zietz E, Knoell HE. 1988. Residue-and groundwater analysis New techniques. Brighton Crop Protection Conference - Pests and Disease 727-731. 

Pesticides, including insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides, are widely used in agriculture, and the potential for these residues to accumulate in food has led to concern for human safety. Pesticide residues may enter food animals from environmental sources or from treated or contaminated feeds. Immunoassay development for pesticides has had major impacts for pesticide registrations, analysis of residues in foods, monitoring environmental contamination, determination of occupational exposure, and integration of pest management. 

J.E. Woodrow, P.S. Honaganahalli, and J.N. Seiber, Determination of methyl bromide in air resulting from pest control fumigations, in Fumigants Environmental Fate, Exposure, and Analysis, ed. J.N. Seiber, J.A. Knuteson, J.E. Woodrow, N.L. Wolfe, M.V. Yates, and S.R. Yates, ACS Symposium Series No. 652, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 189-201 (1997). 

All maintenance pesticide applications must be approved in advance and documented. Pesticides that do not interfere with analysis may be applied in order to control weeds, pathogens, and other pests if they appear in the treated plot and control area only if absolutely necessary. The treated plot and control area should be maintained with the same compound and rate and at the same time. 

Benefit/cost analysis demonstrated that solarization can also be more convenient than other control techniques, due to its lower costs (Yaron et al. 1991 Elmore 1991a Bell 1998 Esperancini et al. 2003 Hasing et al. 2004). Potential integration of this technique within more complex pest management strategies is another main advantage of soil solarization, as they are technically combinable with most other available control methods. 

Mullen JD, Norton GW, Reaves DW (1997) Economic analysis of environmental benefits of integrated pest management. J Agric Appl Econ 29 243-253. Available on line at http //agecon-search.umn.edu/handle/123456789/21053... 

Arbogast, R.T., Kendra, P.E., Mankin, R.W., and McGovern, J.E. 2000. Monitoring insect pests in retail stores by trapping and spatial analysis. J. Econ. Entomol. 93, 1531-1542. 

Brenner, R.J., Focks, D.A., Arbogast, R.T., Weaver, D.K., and Shuman, D. 1998. Practical use of spatial analysis in precision targeting for integrated pest management. Am. Entomol. 44, 79-101. 

Golt, J. S., J. Lubin, et al. (2004). Gomparison of pesticide levels in carpet dust and self-reported pest treatment practices in four US sites. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology 14(1) 74-83. 

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