Pervaporation membrane benzene/cyclohexane mixtures

Sun F and Ruckenstein E. Sorption and pervaporation of benzene-cyclohexane mixtures through composite membranes prepared via concentrated emulsion polymerization. J Membr Sci 1995 99 273-284. 

Suzuki F and Onozata K. Pervaporation of benzene-cyclohexane mixture by poly(7-methyl glutamate) membrane and synergetic effect of their mixture on diffusion rate. J Appl Polym Sci 1982 27 4229-4238. 

Yoshikawa M, Shimada H, Tsubouchi K, and Kondo Y. Specialty polymeric membranes. 12. Pervaporation of benzene/cyclohexane mixtures through carbon graphite-nylone 6 composite membranes. J Membr Sci 2000 177 49-53. 

Wang YC, Li CL, Huang J, Lin C, Lee KR, Liaw DJ, and Lai JY. Pervaporation of benzene/cyclohexane mixtures through aromatic polyimide membranes. J Membr Sci 2001 185 193-200. 

Kao ST, Wang FG, and Lue SJ. Sorption, diffusion and pervaporation of benzene/cyclohexane mixtures on silver-Nafion membranes. Desalination 2002 149 35-40. 

Lu, L., Peng, F., Jiang, Z. and Wang, J. 2006. Poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan blend membranes for pervaporation of benzene/cyclohexane mixtures. 101(1) 167-173. 

Lue, S.J., Wang, F.J. and Hsiaw, S.Y. 2004. Pervaporation of benzene/cyclohexane mixtures using ion-exchange membrane containing copper ions, 240 149-158. 

Yoshikawa, M., Motoi, T. and Tsubouchi, K. 1999a. Speciality polymeric membranes. 11. Pervaporation of benzene/cyclohexane mixtures through poly(vinylalcohol)-graft-poly(acrylic acid) membranes. J. Macromol. Sci. Pure Appl. Chem. A36(4) 621-631. 

Figure 9.19 Fraction of benzene in permeate as a function of feed mixture composition for pervaporation at the reflux temperature of a binary benzene/cyclohexane mixture. A 20-qm-thick crosslinked blend membrane of cellulose acetate and polystyrene phosphate) was used [54]. Reprinted with permission from I. Cabasso, Organic Liquid Mixtures Separation by Selective Polymer Membranes, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 22, 313. Copyright 1983 American Chemical Society...

Ray SK, Sawant SB, Joshi JB, and Pangarkar VG. Development of new synthetic membranes for separation of benzene-cyclohexane mixtures by pervaporation A solubility parameter approach. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1997 36(12) 5265-5276. 

Tsubouchi and Yoshikawa [79] are concerned with pervaporation separation of benzene/cyclohexane mixtures using membranes based on polyamide/polyether block copolymers. It has been established that the separation factor increases with the increase in the polyamide component containing polar amide groups capable of forming hydrogen bonds e.g., the 1 1 block copolymer of polyamide 12 and polyoxyethylene has the benzene/cyclohexane separation factor /3p = 2.8 and the flux 2 = 300 g/m h a more rigid 3 1 polyamide 12/polyoxyethylene block copolymer has a much higher separation factor )8p = 5.0 and 2 = 80 g/m h. 

To increase the sorption component of the separation factor, homogeneously distributed tetracyanoethylene, a strong electron acceptor having high affinity for electron donors, was added to the polyimide matrix [77]. It can be seen from data presented in Table 9.12 that this is accompanied by an increase in the sorption component /3s (benzene/cyclohexane) by a factor of 1.5 probably as a result of selective sorption of aromatic compounds by tetracyanoethylene with a simultaneous increase in the diffusion component /3d. The prepared membranes showed good pervaporation properties with respect to benzene/cyclohexane, toluene/isooctane mixtures. For example, for a two-component 50/50 wt% benzene/cyclohexane mixture at 343 K, the flux was 2 = 0.44 kg p,m/m h, and /3p (benzene/cyclohexane) = 48 and for a two-component toluene/isooctane mixture, 45/55 wt%, at 343 K the flux was 2 = 1-1 kg p-m/m h, and /3p (toluene/wo-octane) = 330. 

Tsubouchi K and Yoshikawa M. Pervaporation separation of benzene/cyclohexane mixtures through polyamide-polyether block copolymer membranes. Membrane (Maku) 1998 23(6) 322-326. 

YoshikawaM, Takeuchi S, and Kitao T. Pervaporation separation of benzene/cyclohexane mixtures with nylon-6-graft-poly(oxyethy-lene) membranes. Die Angew Macromol Chem 1991 245 193-202. 

Wang H, Lin X, Tanaka K, Kita H, and Okamoto K. Pervaporation of plasma-grafted polymer membranes and their morphology and pervaporation properties towards benzene/cyclohexane mixtures. J Polym Sci 1998 A36 2247-2259. 

Inui K, Noguchi K, Miyata T, and Uragami T. Pervaporation characteristics of methyl methacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymer membranes ionically crosslinked with metal ions for a benzene/cyclohexane mixture. J Appl Polym Sci 1999 71 233-241. 

Yamazaki A and Mizoguchi K. Pervaporation of benzene/cyclohexane and benzene/u-hexane mixtures through polyvinyl alcohol membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 1997 64 1061-1065. 

Although these rules can lead to increased permeability and selectivity, an extensive compilation of the data in the literature by Robeson suggests an upper bound exists on transport properties - increases in permeability eventually lead to a decrease in selectivity and vice versa [38]. Figure 10 illustrates the upper bounds that exist for a number of gas pairs such plots of selectivity versus permeability are referred as Robeson plots . As one might expect, a similar upper bound exists for pervaporation membranes used to separate benzene-cyclohexane mixtures [39]. 

Uragami, T., Tsukamoto, K., Inui, K. and Miyata, T. 1998. Pervaporation characteristics of a benzoylchitosan membrane for benzene-cyclohexane mixtures. 

Yoshikawa, M. and Kitao, T. 1997. Speciality of polymeric membranes-VI. Pervaporation separation of benzene/cyclohexane mixtures through nylon 6-graft-poly(ethyl methacrylate) membranes. 33 25-31. 

Chen, J. Li, J. Lin, Y. Chen, C., Pervaporation Performance of Polydimethyl-siloxane Membranes for Separation of Benzene/Cyclohexane Mixtures. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2009,112, 2425-2433. 

Sun YM, Chen YK, Wu CH, and Lin A. Pervaporation for the mixture of benzene/cyclohexane through poly-bisphenoxy phosphazene membranes. AIChE J 1999 45(3) 523-534. 

---