Perstorp

The world s largest producers are Perstorp AB (Sweden, United States, Italy), Hoechst Celanese Corporation (United States, Canada), Degussa (Germany), and Hercules (United States) with estimated 1989 plant capacities of 65,000, 59,000, 30,000, and 22,000 t/yr, respectively. Worldwide capacity for pentaerythritol production was 316,000 t in 1989, about half of which was from the big four companies. Most of the remainder was produced in Asia (Japan, China, India, Korea, and Taiwan), Europe (Italy, Spain), or South America (Brazil, Chile). The estimated rate of production for 1989 was about 253,000 t or about 80% of nameplate capacity. 

Dipentaerythritol is sold by Perstorp AB and by Hercules (United States), ditrimethylolpropane by Perstorp AB both in relatively pure form. Tripentaerythritol is also available however, the purity is limited. Trimethylolethane is produced commercially by Alcolac (United States) and Mitsubishi Gas Chemicals (Japan). 

Neopentyl glycol is manufactured by Eastman Chemical Co., BASF, Perstorp, Hoechst, Mitsubishi Gas, PoHoH, and Hbls. In 1993, the bulk U.S. price was 1.61/kg. 

Perstorp Austria GmbH Vieima, Austria Permanox batteries ... 

Perstorp Oy, Technology Centre, P.O. Box 350, FI-06101 Borga/Porvoo, Finland... 

This work is a part of the Finnish Centre of Excellence Programs (2000-2011) financed by the Academy of Finland. Financial support from Perstorp is gratefully acknowledged. 

Formox [Formaldehyde by oxidation] A process for oxidizing methanol to formaldehyde, using a ferric molybdate catalyst. Based on the Adkins-Peterson reaction, developed by Reichold Chemicals, and licensed by that company and Perstorp, Sweden. Acquired by Dyno Industries in 1989. The process uses formaldehyde produced in this way to make formaldehyde-urea resin continuously. A plant using this process was to be built in Ghent by 1991, owned jointly by Dyno and AHB-Chemie. Licensed to 35 sites worldwide. Several other companies operate similar processes. 

The samples had dry matter over 85% and were ground to pass through a 1 mm screen and then packed in a quartz-windowed cup. The unit was demonstrated at the 1971 Illinois State Fair. After the success of this instrument, Neotec (later Pacific Scientific, then NIR Systems, then Perstorp, then FOSS) built a rotating (tilting) filter instrument. Both instruments were dedicated, analog systems, neither of which was considered user-friendly. ... 

Similar materials, hyperbranched polyesters based on bis-MPA and a polyol are now commercially available [11] from Perstorp AB under the trade name Boltorn [12], Figure 8.1. The average number of hydroxyl groups per molecule can be tailored between 8 and 64 and molecular weight can be varied between c. 2000 and 11 000. The co-polymerization of bis-MPA and a polyol core keeps the molecular weight distribution fairly low, typically below 2. 

The use of aliphatic monomers for hyperbranched polyesters has been debated because aliphatic monomers are said to be prone to thermal degradation reactions such as decarboxylation, cyclization, or dehydration [77]. The only commercial hyperbranched polymer is a hydroxy-functional aliphatic polyester, Boltorn, available from Perstorp AB, Sweden. 

A different approach, presently appfied by the Perstorp company in the production of hyperbranched afiphatic polyesters from 2,2-bis(methylol)propionic acid [8], utihzes a B starter molecule with AB -groups condensed in consecutive steps see Fig. 1 in the middle of the diagram. In principle, the function of the B component can also be regarded as a chain stopper when all building blocks are polycondensed in one step. This also leads to a predictable and stable molecular weight at total conversion due to the excess of B-groups in the system. 

Commercially available hyperbranched polymers are Polyglycerol (aliphatic polyether polyol) and Polyethylenimine (aliphatic polyamine) both from Hyperpolymers, Boltom (aliphatic polyesters) from Perstorp and Hybrane (aromatic polyester amide) from DSM. 

Alpkem (product reference available from Perstorp Analytical Alpkem, see separate entry). 

Perstorp Analytical Alpkem, 944S SW Ridder Rd, Suite 310, Wilsonville, Oregon 97070, USA. 

A detailed discussion of the above topics together with a selection of class projects and test calculations is given in Chapter 7 of Rowell (1994, pp. 131-152), but note his calculation of CEC has an error in that it is based on 250 ml KCI extract, not on 100 ml as per given methodology, and thus requires correction (confirmed by personal communication, 2001). Directions for using the Eoss/Perstorp Analytical Tecator Kjeltec Auto 1035/1038 Sample System for CEC determinations are given in USDA, 1996 (pp. 203-210). 

Hiis work was made possible through a scholarship from Wilhelm Becker AB and financial support from Perstorp Polyols AB, Sweden and by the Swedish Research Council for Engineering Sciences (Dnr 93-1075) which are gratefully acknowledged. We are also indebted to Dr. Christine Boeffel, Max-Planck Institute, Mainz, for doing the solid-state C-NMR measurements and to Ph.D. Erik Sbderlind, Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology fordiffusion-NMR measurements. 

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