Personal Area Network

Wireless personal area networks, IEEE 802.15, lEEE-Standards Asso-cioation, Piscataway, NJ, 2005. 

Geographic scale Both Bluetooth and ZigBee have been designed to communicate within a personal area network, up to 10 m, in most cases. However, they can reach a range of 100 m along the line of sight... 

ZigBee having high-level communication protocols for personal area network (PAN) based on an IEEE 802.15 standard... 

The communication infrastructure in a WSN consists of two layers the first layer between the sensors and the gateways and the second between the gateways and the outside world [10]. While for the backbone network, ie, the second layer, fast and secure lines, eg, optical hbers, are preferred, for the hrst layer the choices vary. According to the distance and the demanded speed, two different transmission categories can be found (1) wireless local area network (WLAN) and (2) wireless personal area network (WPAN), [20]. These transmission categories are briefly described in the next sections. 

High-rate wireless personal area networks... 

IEEE Standard 802.15.1-2005, Part 15.1 Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs), 2005. 

IEEE Std 802.15.2-2003, Part 15.2 Coexistence of Wireless Personal Area Networks with Other Wireless Devices Operating in Unlicensed Frequency Bands, IEEE Standards Association, 2003. 

J. Karaoguz, High-rate wireless personal area networks, IEEE Commun. Mag. 39 (12) (2001) 96-102. 

J.A. Gutierrez, M. Naeve, E. Callaway, M. Bourgeois, V. Mitter, B. Heile, IEEE 802.15.4 a developing standard for low-power lowcost wireless personal area networks, IEEE Netw. 15 (5) (Septemher-Octoher 2001) 12—19. 

Marconi had a dream of a world connected by wireless devices, and as of 2011 that dream is coming true. The IEEE 802 wireless connectivity standards as of 2009 include a personal area network (Bluetooth) that will connect all the devices in a house, car, or office. It has an expanded wireless LAN standard that will support high-speed wireless access of home and office computers into an access point. Both the wireless home network and the wireless LAN can be tied into a high-speed wireless regional network, replacing the current fiber-optic networks. There will be several high-speed cell phone networks that can also tie into the regional wireless system, and when this is added to the current satellite-based wide area networks, the result could be the fully connected wireless world Marconi envisioned. 

Bluetooth communication technology is defined by IEEE 802.15.1 for wireless personal area network (PAN) with a short range. [2] The largest use is in the implementation of the Bluetooth connection between the fixed and end mobile devices, especially since it features very low power consumption, low cost and, equally important, simple configuration. However, this does not preclude usage of the Bluetooth networking. Standard supports connection of up to eight devices, of which only one can be master (controls the communication), such a network is called Piconet [3]. 

IEEE 802.15.4 standard is defined by its protocol and the interconnection of devices via radio communication in a Personal Area Network (PAN). This standard was completed in May 2003 and ratified on December 14, 2004, by the IEEE, but was not made public and available to universities for development until June 2005 (Acosta-Ponce, 2006). 

IEEE. (2003). 802.15.4 IEEE standardfor information technology— Telecommunications and information exchange between systems— Local and metropolitan area networks— Specific requirements part 15.4 Wireless medium access control (MAC) andphysical layer (PHY) specificationsfor low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs). New York, NY The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 

IEEE 802.15.4 Standard that specifies the physical layer and media access control for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs). 

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