Persistence agricultural pesticides

Jeong, Y.P., Choi, M.K., Yeo, H.G., Cheon, M.Y., 2001c. Seasonal variations in the concentration of persistent organochlorine pesticides in atmosphere. Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture (in Korean) 20(2), 79-85. 

Viet, P.H., Hoai, P.M., Minh, N.H., Ngoc, N.T., Hung, P.T., 2000. Persistent organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in some agricultural and industrial areas in Northern Vietnam. Water Sci. Techol. 42, 223-229. 

The methods, which allow in one procedure of analysis to overcome, for example, most pesticides which are used in agricultural practice in the present time, get development and introduction in practice. The contribution of the Ukrainian scientists in field of chromatographic analysis of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs, chlorinated hydrocarbons, PCB s) and supertoxicants, such as PCDDs, is estimated. 

Regarding soils, a central issue is the persistence and movement of pesticides that are widely used in agriculture. Many different insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and molluscicides are applied to agricultural soils, and there is concern not only about effects that they may have on nontarget species residing in soil, but also on the possibility of the chemicals finding their way into adjacent water courses. 

Persistency in Agricultural Products and Water PoUution of Pesticides, No. 3, The Chemical Daily Co., Tokyo, pp. 492-494 (1998) (in Japanese). 

Attention focused on inorganic arsenical pesticides after accumulations of arsenic in soils eventually became toxic to several agricultural crops, especially in former orchards and cotton fields. Once toxicity is observed, it persists for several years even if no additional arsenic treatment is made (Woolson 1975). Poor crop growth was associated with bioavailability of arsenic in soils. For example, alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) grew poorly in soils con-... 

Komarovskii, F.Ya., Maslova, O. V., Pishcholka, Iu. K., Shebunina, N. A. (1981). Accumulation and migration of persistent pesticides under slow discharge conditions (river delta-reservoir). Chemistry in Agriculture, 10, 45-47. 

Vrochinskii, K. K. (1981). Pesticide persistence in water. Chemistry in Agriculture, 10, 43-45. 

Several hundred-pesticide compounds of diverse chemical structures are widely used in the United States and Europe for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes (Fig. 10). Some are substitutes for organochlorines, which were banned due to their toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation in environmental matrices. According to a report published by the US-EPA, a total of 500,000 tons of pesticides was used in 1985 [144, 145, 148]. As far as specific pesticides are concerned, worldwide consumption of Malathion and Atrazine in 1980 amounted to 24,000 and 90,000 tons, respectively [149,150]. In the Mediterranean countries, 2100 tons of Malathion (active ingredient) were sprayed during the same period compared to 9700 tons in Asia [150]. 

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