Perpendicular plate

In this type of analyzer [85] the ions are trapped in circular orbits in a magnetic field. To achieve this, three pairs of mutually perpendicular plates are placed in a strong magnetic field. Externally produced ions may be injected into the cell, in which the time t for one revolution (Fig. 35) [81, 86] is given by ... 

RoiBation Between Adjacent Perpendicular Plates. Two adjacent rectangles are... 

The source is brought to a. positive poteptial (I/) of several kilovolts and the ions are extracted by a plate at ground potential. They acquire kinetic energy and thus velocity according to their mass and charge. They enter a magnetic field whose direction is perpendicular to their trajectory. Under the effect of the field, Bg, the trajectory is curved by Lorentz forces that produce a centripetal acceleration perpendicular to both the field and the velocity. 

The dimensions of the crystal plates perpendicular to the small dimensions depend on the conditions of the crystallization, but are many times larger than the thickness for a well-developed crystal. 

The clad plate is x-rayed perpendicular from the steel side and the film contacts the aluminum. Radiography reveals the wavy interface of explosion-welded, aluminum-clad steel as uniformly spaced, light and dark lines with a frequency of one to three lines per centimeter. The waves characterize a strong and ductile transition joint and represent the acceptable condition. The clad is interpreted to be nonbonded when the x-ray shows complete loss of the wavy interface (see X-ray technology). 

Normal Stress (Weissenberg Effect). Many viscoelastic fluids flow in a direction normal (perpendicular) to the direction of shear stress in steady-state shear (21,90). Examples of the effect include flour dough climbing up a beater, polymer solutions climbing up the inner cylinder in a concentric cylinder viscometer, and paints forcing apart the cone and plate of a cone—plate viscometer. The normal stress effect has been put to practical use in certain screwless extmders designed in a cone—plate or plate—plate configuration, where the polymer enters at the periphery and exits at the axis. 

The aspect ratio E/IE refers to the shape of the particles in the discontinuous phase. It is the average dimension of this phase parallel to the plane of the film E divided by the average dimension perpendicular to the film W. Plates in the plane of the film would have a high aspect ratio. Spheres or cubes would have an aspect ratio equal to 1. 

For extended surfaces, which include fins mounted perpendicularly to the tubes or spiral-wound fins, pin fins, plate fins, and so on, friction data for the specific surface involved should be used. For details, see Kays and London (Compact Heat Exchangers, 2d ed., McGraw-HiU, New York, 1964). If specific data are unavailable, the correlation by Gunter and Shaw (Trans. ASME, 67, 643-660 [1945]) may be used as an approximation. 

Orifice Meters A square-edged or sliarp-edged orifice, as shown in Fig. 10-18, is a clean-cut square-edged hole with straight walls perpendicular to the flat upstream face of a thin plate placed crosswise of the channel. The stream issuing from such an orifice... 

The area that is theoretically available for separation is equal to the sum of the projected areas or all channels on the horizontal plane. Figure 18-88 shows the horizontally projected area A, of a single channel in a clarifier of unit width. If X is the uniform distance between plates (measured perpendicularly to the plate surface), the clarifier will contain sin Ci/X channels per unit length and an effective collection area per unit clarifier length of A, sin O/X, where Ot is the angle of inclination of the plates to the horizontal. It follows that the total horizontally projected plate area per unit volume of sludge in the clarifier Aj is... 

A projectile with a flat noseplate perpendicular to its motion impacts a larger flat specimen plate. However, the specimen plate is not perfectly aligned, resulting in a slight tilt at impact. 

The development of microporosity during steam activation was examined by Burchell et al [23] in their studies of CFCMS monoliths. A series of CFCMS cylinders, 2.5 cm in diameter and 7.5 cm in length, were machined from a 5- cm thick plate of CFCMS manufactured from P200 fibers. The axis of the cylinders was machined perpendicular to the molding direction ( to the fibers). The cylinders were activated to bum-offs ranging from 9 to 36 % and the BET surface area and micropore size and volume determined from the Nj adsorption isotherms measured at 77 K. Samples were taken from the top and bottom of each cylinder for pore sfructure characterization. 

Linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) is based on a mathematical description of the near crack tip stress field developed by Irwin [23]. Consider a crack in an infinite plate with crack length 2a and a remotely applied tensile stress acting perpendicular to the crack plane (mode I). Irwin expressed the near crack tip stress field as a series solution ... 

Baffle generally a flat plate attached to and perpendicular to the wall of a mixing vessel to alter the fluid circulation pattern and prevent excessive swirl of the fluid in the vessel. ... 

The adsorption transition also shows up in the behavior of the chain linear dimension. Fig. 6(a) shows the mean-square gyration radii parallel, i gl, and perpendicular, to the adsorbing plate. While these components do not differ from each other for e for e > ej i g strongly increases whereas Rh decreases. In the first case (non-adsorbed chain) oc oc N as a dilute solution in a good solvent in the bulk. For adsorbed chains R /N 0 for oo because the thickness is finite it is controlled by the distance e- e from the adsorption threshold, but does not diverge as N oo. The adsorbed chain follows in fact a... 

FIG. 10 A colloidal suspension between two parallel plates. There is strong confinement perpendicular to the plates, but an infinite system in the lateral orientations. 

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