Permissive mode

Fig. 10. R-mode cluster analysis of the Pacific Northwest rainwater study (24). Reprinted with permission.

It should also be noted that in this case the material was loaded in compre-sion whereas the tensile creep curves were used. The vast majority of creep data which is available is for tensile loading mainly because this is the simplest and most convenient test method. However, it should not be forgotten that the material will behave differently under other modes of deformation. In compression the material deforms less than in tension although the efrect is small for strains up to 0.5%. If no compression data is available then the use of tensile data is permissible because the lower modulus in the latter case will provide a conservative design. 

Figure 2.1 Active equipment failure modes. Reprinted from ANSI IEEE Std. 500-1984, with permission of the IEEE Standards Department.

Figure 8-124. Typical operating curve of sieve trays with downcomers. Note modes of operation used by permission, Chem. Eng., Chase, J. D., July 31 (1969), p. 105. Also see Klein [201], Figure 8-148.

Figure 11-19. Lithium bromide hermetic absorption refrigeration system, double effect, liquid chiller/heater. As shown in chilling mode, water is the refrigerant under low absolute pressure (boiling at 40°F) (Used by permission Cat. 521-606, form 16DF-1 PD, 1994. Carrier Corporation, a United Technologies Company.)...

Fig. 105. TO-LO splitting of totally symmetrical mode A/ (NbO vibration of RbsNbsOFig). Reproduced from [441], A. I. Agulyansky, R. Cavagnat, M. Couzi, J. Ravez, Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) 138 (1993) 327, Copyright 1993, with permission ofWiley-VCH.

Figure 3.118 Possible modes of cisplatin binding to DNA strands. (Reproduced from J.J.R. Frausto da Silva and R.J.P. Williams, The Biological Chemistry of the Elements, 1994, p. 539, by permission of Oxford University Press.)...

FIGURE 1-1 The three modes of mass transport. (Reproduced with permission from reference 1.)... 

Figure 4.44. Comparison of the oxygen TPD spectra from Ag deposited on YSZ obtained with the three different modes of adsorption, gaseous, electrochemical and mixed, under the same conditions. TadS=300°C, 5.4 kL of oxygen exposure (for gaseous and mixed adsorption), and 4.6x1 O 9 mol O of electrochemically supplied oxygen (for electrochemical and mixed adsorption), i.e. 5 pA for 180 s. (UWR=+0.7 V, A=+1.3 eV).31 Reprinted with permission from Academic Press.

Figure 5.44. In situ SERS spectra69 of oxygen adsorbed on Ag/YSZ at 300°C under (a) open circuit conditions and with die cell operating in the potentiostatic mode with (b) UWR = -2 V and (c) Uwr = +2 V. Spectra (b) and (c) were obtained after the system had reached steady state, w = 200 mW, photon counter time constant, x = 2 s, ssw = 2 cm l. Reprinted with permission from WILEY-VCH.

Figure 6.16. Different modes of adsorption of CHjOH on Pt under ultra-high vacuum (left) and in aqueous solutions (right) showing the effect of local electrostatic field and surface work function on the mode of adsorption.100 Reprinted with permission from the American Chemical Society.

Fig. 7-12 Schematic of an atmospheric aerosol size distribution. This shows the three mass modes, the main sources of mass for each mode, and the principal processes involved in inserting mass into and removing mass from each mode (m = mass concentration. Dp = particle diameter). (Reproduced with permission from K. T. Whitby and G. M. Sverdrup (1983). California aerosols their physical and chemical characteristics. In "The Character and Origin of Smog Aerosols" (G. M. Hidy, P. K. Mueller, D. Grosjean, B. R. Appel, and J. J. Wesolowski, eds), p. 483, John Wiley, New York.)...

Figure 3.29 Structure of atrazine. Reprinted from J. Chromatogr., A, 915, Steen, R. J. C. A., Bobeldijk, I. and Brinkman, U. A. Th., Screening for transformation products of pesticides using tandem mass spectrometric scan modes , 129-137, Copyright (2001), with permission from Elsevier Science.

Figure 5.27 Selective detection of lactolated peptides from a tryptic digest of / -lacto-globulins by LC-electrospray-MS-MS, showing (a) the total-ion-cnrrent trace in full-scan mode, and (b) the total-ion-current trace in neutral-loss-scanning mode. Figure from Selective detection of lactolated peptides in hydrolysates by liquid chromatography/ electrospray tandem mass spectrometry , by Molle, D., Morgan, F., BouhaUab, S. and Leonil, J., in Analytical Biochemistry, Volume 259, 152-161, Copyright 1998, Elsevier Science (USA), reproduced with permission from the publisher.

Fig. 26 Tapping-mode AFM images of fibrils on mica left) and corresponding height profiles (across the white lines in the AFM images) right), (a) PEG-[(AG)3EG]io-PEG, (b) PEG-[(AG)3EG]2o-PEG. (c) Proposed (3-sheet fibril packing. Reproduced with permission from Smeenk et al. [69]. Copyright Wiley-VCH...

Fig. 36 Tapping mode AFM images of L4K8L4-VPRGS-PEG (a) before and (b) after thrombin digestion (at pH 9). Fibres in (b) have diameters of about 5-6 nm. Adapted by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry from Koga et al. [79]...

Fig. 3 a UV-Vis DRS spectra of dehydrated TS-1 catalyst reporting the typical 208 nm (48000cm i) LMCT hand, see Fig. 2h also reported are the four excitation laser lines used in this Raman study near-lR (dotted), visible (full), near-UV (dashed) and far-UV (dot-dashed), b Raman spectra of dehydrated TS-1 obtained with four different lasers emitting at 7 = 1064,422,325, and 244 nm (dotted, full, dashed, and dot-dashed lines, respectively). Raman spectra have been vertically shifted for clarity. Although the intensity of each spectrum depends upon different factors, the evolution of the 7(1125)//(960) ratio by changing the laser source is remarkable. The inset reports the Raman spectrum collected with the 244 nm laser in its full scale, in order to appreciate the intensity of the 1125 cm enhanced mode. Adapted from [48] with permission. Copyright (2003) by The Owner Societies 2003... 

Fig. 16 Schematic representation of the intercalative and minor groove directed components of a protoberberine molecule as invoked by the mixed mode DNA binding model proposed by Pilch et al. [167]. Reprinted from [167] with permission from the American Chemical Society...

Figure 26. Constant current mode STM image of isolated (A), self-organized in close-packed hexagonal network (C) and in fee structure (E) of silver nanoclusters deposited on Au(l 11) substrate (scan size (A) 17.1 x 17.1 nm, f/t=—IV, /t=ltiA, (C) 136 X 136 nm, f/t = — 2.5 V, /t = 0.8 tiA, (E) 143 x 143 nm, = —2.2 V, /, = 0.72 nA). I U) curves and their derivatives in the inserts of isolated (B), self-organized in close-packed hexagonal network (D) and in fee structure (F) of silver nanoclusters deposited on Au(l 11) substrate. (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [58], 2000, Wiley-VCH.)...

FIGURE 6.5 Cross section of ES chamber modified by Ruminski 1 — distribution plate, 2 — V-shaped cuts, 3 — distribution rod, 4 — carrier plate, 5 — slit, 6 — cover plate, 7 — tightening plate, 8 — delivery tubes, 9 — external container a — filling-up mode, b — developing mode. (From Ruminski, J.K., Chem. Anal. (Warsaw) 33, 479-481, 1988. With permission.)... 

FIGURE 6.2 Diagrams of different AFM operating modes. (A) Contact mode and (B) dynamic mode for topographic imaging. (C) Force spectroscopy mode for interaction probing. Reprinted with permission from Liu and Wang (2010). 

FIGURE 6.6 AFM error-signal mode images of catfish skin gelatins with different concentrations (A) 6.67%, (B) 1.00%, and (C) 0.25%. Reprinted with permission from Yang and Wang (2009). 

FIG. 13 Schematic illustration of the SECM feedback mode based on a simple ion-transfer reaction. Cations are transferred from the top (organic) phase into the aqueous solution inside the pipette tip. Positive feedback is due to IT from the bottom (aqueous) layer into the organic phase. Electroneutrality in the bottom layer is maintained by reverse transfer of the common ion across the ITIES beyond the close proximity of the pipette where its concentration is depleted. (Reprinted with permission from Ref. 30. Copyright 1998 American Chemical Society.)... 

Figure 9. Schematic diagram showing a second-generation MC-ICPMS instrament (ThermoFinnigan Neptune). This instrument utilizes double-focusing and is equipped with a motorized multiple-Faraday collector block with two channels that can be operated in high-resolution mode. Optional multiple-ion counting channels are also available for the simultaneous measurement of low-intensity ion beams. [Used with permission of Thermo Finnigan.]...

Figure 7.IS Some typical calibration curves for several substances measured by absorption in the reflectance mode. Substance identification 1 = practolol 2 azobenzene 3 - diphenyl-acetylene 4 alprenolol 5 = estrone and 6 - pamatolol. (Reproduced with permission from ref. 20. Copyright Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co.)...

Fig. 12.9. Structure and relative energies of four modes of hydrogen bonding in transition structures for epoxidation of 2-propen-l-ol by peroxyformic acid. Relative energies are from B3I.YP/6-311G -level computations with a solvation model for CH2C12, e = 8.9. Reproduced from / Org. Chem., 64, 3853 (1999), by permission of the American Chemical Society.

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