Permanganates, inorganic

PERFUMERY PRODUCTS, WITH FLAMMABLE SOLVENT PERMANGANATES, INORGANIC, n.o.s. 

Paint Related Material, corrosive 1760 60 Permanganates, inorganic, aqueous 3214 35... 

Paper, treated with unsaturated oil 1379 32 Permanganates, inorganic, n.o.s. 3215 35... 

PERMANGANATES, inorganic, aqueous solution, n.o.s. 3243 55 SOLIDS CONTAINING POISONOUS 1.1QU1D..n.o.s. 

Effluents from conventional oxidations with classical stoichiometric inorganic oxidants, such as potassium dichromate and potassium permanganate, are very difficult to process and represent out-of-date chemistry. Replacement of conventional oxidations with catalytic oxidation using inexpensive and environmentally acceptable air as the oxidant is crucial. The same applies to hydrogenations using hydrides or the Wolf-Kizhner method with hydrazine. These methods of hydrogenation involve amounts of deleterious effluents and should be avoided. 

The effect of inorganic additives upon ignition delay in anilinium nitrate-red finning nitric acid systems was examined. The insoluble compounds copper(I) chloride, potassium permanganate, sodium pentacyanonitrosylferrate and vanadium(V) oxide were moderately effective promoters, while the soluble ammonium or sodium metavanadates were very effective, producing vigorous ignition. 

Apart from analytical applications, reports of the use of crowns in synthetic organic chemistry have been quite common. Typically, the solubilization of an inorganic reagent (such as potassium permanganate) or the production of a free counter ion (such as the fluoride ion) in an organic solvent such as benzene has formed the basis for many of these reports. 

Organic arsenic species can be rendered reactive either by photolysis with ultraviolet radiation or by oxidation with potassium permanganate or a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acids. Arsenic (V) can be determined separately from total inorganic arsenic after extracting arsenic (III) as its pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate into chloroform [15]. 

A method [62] has been described for the determination of down to 2.5pg kg-1 alkylmercury compounds and inorganic mercury in river sediments. This method uses steam distillation to separate methylmercury in the distillate and inorganic mercury in the residue. The methylmercury is then determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the inorganic mercury by the same technique after wet digestion with nitric acid and potassium permanganate [63]. The well known adsorptive properties of clays for alkylmercury compounds does not cause a problem in the above method. The presence of humic acid in the sediment did not depress the recovery of alkylmercury compounds by more than 20%. In the presence of metallic sulphides in the sediment sample the recovery of alkylmercury compounds decreased when more than lmg of sulphur was present in the distillate. The addition of 4M hydrochloric acid, instead of 2M hydrochloric acid before distillation completely, eliminated this effect giving a recovery of 90-100%. 

Nitrites, inorganic Nitrogen oxides (NOx) Oxygen Peracetic acid Perchloric acid solutions Potassium bromate Potassium chlorate Potassium dichloro-s-triazinetrione (potassium dichloroisocyanurate) Potassium dichromate Potassium percarbonate Potassium perchlorate Potassium permanganate Potassium peroxide Potassium persulfate Potassium superoxide n-Propyl nitrate... 

Oxidizers may not themselves be combustible, but they may provide reaction pathways to accelerate the oxidation of other combustible materials. Combustible solids and liquids should be segregated from oxidizers. Certain oxidizers undergo dangerous reactions with specific noncombustible materials. Some oxidizers, such as calcium hypochlorite, decompose upon heating or contamination and self-react with violent heat output. Oxidizers include nitrates, nitric acid, nitrites, inorganic peroxides, chlorates, chlorites, dichromates, hypochlorites, perchlorates, permanganates, persulfates and the halogens. 

Anion effects have been observed especially in relation to dissolution of the cation complexes in media of low polarity. Soft organic and inorganic anions (phenates, thiocyanate, permanganate etc) generally allow ready dissolution the pier ate anion has been much used (62, 66). The interaction between the anion and the complexed cation may affect the stability of the complex. Ion pairing may occur when the anion can contact the complexed cation, as in the case of macrocyclic complexes, where approach of the anion from top and bottom is possible. This is observed in the RbNCS complex of IS, but not in its NaNCS complex, as shown by the crystal structure data (100). With bromide as anion both a complexed ion pair and a complexed sodium cation are found in the solid state for (15, NaBr) (118). 

Other commercially important inorganic chemicals that can be made electrolytically include caustic soda and chlorine, chlorate and perchlorate salts (Chapter 12), potassium dichromate (K2Cr207), manganese dioxide, and potassium permanganate.16... 

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