Permanganate reaction products

Isosafrol yields piperonal (heliotropine) melting at 37° as the principal product of oxidation when potassium permanganate is used as the oxidising agent. If the oxidation be very energetic piperonylic acid, melting at 228°, is the principal reaction product. 

Redox (reduction-oxidation) titrimetry is used primarily for nitrate detns. Five systems are in current use ferrous sulfate—dichromate, io dome trie, periodic acid oxidation (NaOH titrant), K permanganate, and titanous chloride-ferric ammonium sulfate. The ferrous sulfate— dichromate system is used for MNT DNT detns (Vol 2, C162-Lff Vol 6, F17-Rff Ref 17). In the iodometric procedure, the sample (ie, NG) is treated in a C02 atm with a satd soln of Mn chloride in coned HC1, the vol reaction products are bubbled thru a K iodide soln, and the liberated iodine is titrated with standard thiosulfate soln (Refs 1 17). The periodic... 

The permanganate reaction produced a heavy precipitate which limited reaction productivity and the resulting waste was a disposal issue. The yield proved to be variable on scale up. 

Unsaturated acids may be split chemically at their double bonds. Permanganate-periodate oxidation has been used to produce the corresponding carboxylic acids, while an alternative technique of ozonolysis results in the formation of aldehydes and aldehyde esters. All these reaction products may be identified by GLC and the information used to determine the position of the double bond in the original fatty acid. 

In the oxidation of alkali sulphides or polysulphides by potassium permanganate solution at the ordinary temperature, trithionic acid has been found amongst the reaction products, in addition to sulphuric acid and sulphur.7... 

New chiral centers are produced by addition reactions to other trigonal centers as well. Hydrogenation of 3-methyl-3-hexene gives 3-methylhexane. Clearly the addition of hydrogen to one face of the planar olefinic system gives one enantiomer and addition to the opposite face gives the opposite enantiomer. Likewise reaction of styrene with chlorine or bromine (X2) or potassium permanganate produces products with a new chiral center. Formation of the two possible enantiomers results from addition to either face of the olefin. 

Hie assay was done directly on 0.2 ml of plasma by treating with alkaline potassium permanganate to form benzophenone, extracting with heptane and shaking the heptane layer with sulfuric acid. The fluorescence of the reaction product was measured with excitation at 360 nm and emission at 440 nm. Detection of 1 ug phenytoin per ml of plasma was reported. 

As was demonstrated by addition of epoxide under reaction conditions, the epoxide is not the precursor of the cis diol. The cis dihydroxylation is probably a two-step reaction, first with addition of a H202-derived oxygen atom to the double bond, followed by insertion of a Mn-coordinated oxygen atom (water or OH-). It is clear that the availability of free coordination sites in cis positions on the Mn (4b) is important for understanding the formation of cis dihydroxylated products. This is the first example of a cis dihydroxylation that is catalytic and uses Mn the route is therefore an alternative to stoichiometric permanganate reactions or to catalytic methods with more... 

Benzimidazole (but not 1-methylbenzimidazole) is oxidized by permanganate, dichromate or hydrogen peroxide to imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, while napth-[l,2-d]- and -[2,3-d]-imidazoles also form products in which the heterocyclic ring remains intact, hence demonstrating its stability to these conditions. With lead peroxide benzimidazole is subject to an unusual oxidation as it forms (101), also the reaction product of lead dioxide and 2,2 -bibenzimidazolyl. In dioxane, selenium dioxide oxidizes 2-methylbenzimidazole to o-hydroxyacetanilide (66RCR122). 

We have seen that alkenes are oxidized to 1,2-diols by a basic solution of potassium permanganate at room temperature or below, and the 1,2-diols can subsequently be cleaved by periodic acid to form aldehydes and/or ketones (Sections 20.6 and 20.7). If, however, the basic solution of potassium permanganate is heated or if the solution is acidic, the reaction will not stop at the diol. Instead, the alkene will be cleaved, and the reaction products will be ketones and carboxylic acids. If the reaction is carried out under basic conditions, any carboxylic acid product will be in its basic form (RCOO ) if the reaction is carried out under acidic conditions, any carboxylic acid product will be in its acidic form (RCOOH) (Section 1.20). Terminal alkenes form CO2 as a product. 

The nature of the oxidant as well as the C D ring fpsion in the deoxy-dihydrolycorenines determines the type of reaction product to be obtained. -Deoxydihydrolycorenine (LXXV) formed the lactam (LXXVI) when treated with potassium permanganate in acetone. Potassium diohromate in sulfuric acid reacted with LXXV to form a-dihydrohomo-lycorine (LXIX) which could be oxidized further to a lactone-lactam by... 

Benzene forms explosive mixtures with air the LEL and UEL values are 1.3% and 7.1% by volume, respectively. Benzene reacts violently with halogens. The reaction is explosive with fluorine, as well as with chlorine in the presence of light and to a lesser degree with bromine in the presence of a catalyst. It may react violently with other oxidizing substances, such as perchlorates, ozone, permanganate-sulfuric acid, fluorides of chlorine and bromine, and chromic anhydride. Explosions could result from inadvertent mixing. One of the reaction products with ozone is ozobenzene, a white gelatinous shock-sensitive compound which may explode (Mellor 1946). Benzene is flammable with potassium and sodium peroxides. Benzene vapor forms flammable mixtures with nitrous oxide (Jacobs 1989). 

Both 1-octanol and 2-octanol react with aqueous basic potassium permanganate. The product of the reaction of 2-octanol is not soluble in aqueous base, but the product of reaction of 1-octanol is soluble. What are the products Explain the difference in solubility. 

The most common situation studied is that of a film reacting with some species in solution in the substrate, such as in the case of the hydrolysis of ester monolayers and of the oxidation of an unsaturated long-chain acid by aqueous permanganate. As a result of the reaction, the film species may be altered to the extent that its area per molecule is different or may be fragmented so that the products are soluble. One may thus follow the change in area at constant film pressure or the change in film pressure at constant area (much as with homogeneous gas reactions) in either case concomitant measurements may be made of the surface potential. 

Reactions in which a product remains in the him (as above) are complicated by the fact that the areas of reactant and product are not additive, that is, a nonideal mixed him is formed. Thus Gilby and Alexander [310], in some further studies of the oxidation of unsaturated acids on permanganate substrates, found that mixed hlms of unsaturated acid and dihydroxy acid (the immediate oxidation product) were indeed far from ideal. They were, however, able to ht their data for oleic and erucic acids fairly well by taking into account the separately determined departures from ideality in the mixed hlms. 

Out first example is 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-octanone. 3-Octanone can be purchased, but it would be difficult to differentiate the two activated methylene groups in alkylation and oxidation reactions. Usual syntheses of acyloins are based upon addition of terminal alkynes to ketones (disconnection 1 see p. 52). For syntheses of unsymmetrical 1,2-difunctional compounds it is often advisable to look also for reactive starting materials, which do already contain the right substitution pattern. In the present case it turns out that 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butanone is an inexpensive commercial product. This molecule dictates disconnection 3. Another practical synthesis starts with acetone cyanohydrin and pentylmagnesium bromide (disconnection 2). Many 1,2-difunctional compounds are accessible via oxidation of C—C multiple bonds. In this case the target molecule may be obtained by simple permanganate oxidation of 2-methyl-2-octene, which may be synthesized by Wittig reaction (disconnection 1). 

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