Performance measurement/review

Another specialized application of EM image contrast is mass measurement. Using the elastic dark-field image in the STEM or the inelastic image in the EETEM, a direct measurement of the scattering mass can be performed. Eor reviews on this teclmique see [60.61]. 

Measurement of performance. Quality Management requires that measures of performance be established for every activity. These measures include end-of-pipe measurement, such as amounts of material released into the environment or injury rates, and in-process measures of how efficiently you are managing, such as time to review safety improvement proposals or total resources expended on PSM. Each team should be required to identify potential performance measures for the processes they are developing and the activities these processes manage. Many of the end-of-pipe measures will already exist these should be critically examined to ensure that they truly measure performance and are not unduly influenced by other factors. For example, the number of accidents in a fleet of road vehicles is almost directly dependent on the number of miles driven with no improvement in performance, a reduction in miles driven would reduce the number of accidents. 

The development and manufacture of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have demanded the use of the most advanced microstructural characterization techniques and sophisticated performance measurement devices [1-14], In this chapter, we will briefly describe these techniques and devices and review how scientists and engineers utilize them to improve the performance of OLEDs. 

Edgar, S. J., Holliday, J. D., and Willett, P. (2000) Effectiveness of retrieval in similarity searches of chemical databases a review of performance measures. 

This chapter discusses the principles governing diffusive sampling and the factors that can influence sampler performance, and reviews some of the studies that have applied the technique for the measurement of VOCs in indoor air. 

Athletic performance includes not only the competitive event itself, but also optimal training and avoidance of injuries prior to and during the event. Therefore, in addition to reviewing the effects of sleep deprivation on athletic performance measures, this chapter will also examine similar observations on athletic training and injuries. 

In reviewing the changes, we concentrate upon the most salient ones the erosion of secrecy and the intensification of competition, the acceleration of trends and of the trickle-down phenomenon, the rise of safety and environmental concerns, and the refinement of performance measurement. 

The differences between the IR and Raman spectra were examined as long ago as the 1930s. Mousseron later performed measurements on many oxiranes and identified the individual vibration bands. More recently, the results of solid-, liquid-, and gas-phase studies on the Raman spectra of alkyl- and vinyl- substituted oxiranes have been reviewed. 

RCMS Technical Specification. The RCMS standard is organized in the same manner, and contains mostly the same requirements. There are 30 elements divided into five sections Policy and Leadership Planning Implementation, Operation and Accountability Performance Measurement, Corrective and Preventive Action and Management Review and Reporting. 

When avaflable, well-performed systematic reviews form the most important part of the evidence base for guidelines. Systematic reviews are necessary when there is expected to be variation between studies, sometimes attributable to effects too smah to be measured. Where no systematic reviews exist, the group effectively must undertake to produce one. The level of evidence supporting each conclusion in the review wfll affect the recommendations made in the guidelines. 

Physicians are being overburdened by patient visits and the necessity to follow the Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS) and other practice guidelines. Pharmacists can perform chart reviews to see if patients with diabetes have received regularly scheduled test for A 1C, urinary microalbumin, lipid measurements, referral for dilated eye exams, foot assessment and foot care, and blood pressure measurements. 

The two major types of performance measures are 1) rate-based performance measures, which measure an event for which a certain proportion of the events are expected to occur even with quality care (such as mistimed prescription refills) and 2) sentinel-event performance measures, which measure a serious event that requires an indepth review for each occurrence of the event (such as a medication error).To provide meaningful information, performance measures must be... 

David Eddy at Duke University has written extensively on the problems and potential solutions related to pharmaceutical performance measurement systems. According to a U.S. survey, the most commonly perceived problems with pharmaceutical performance measurement systems are limitations with billing and administrative databases, lack of time to review summary data by physicians, and incomplete data. Other limitations include risk adjustment (what if my practice has sicker patients), overreliance on administrative (claims) data rather than clinical data (therefore lacking key patient outcomes), patient individuality and variation in medical practice, and lack of capacity for taking into account a discipline-specific rather than a whole programs-oriented CQI approach. There has also been some debate on the reliability of performance measurement systems to assess the true impact of physician care on the quality of health care.t ... 

Compared with methods for the workplace, methods for diffusive sampling of non-occupational indoor air and ambient air have been less well developed. The range of concentrations and environmental conditions used to evaluate samplers for workplace monitoring is not directly applicable to non-occupational environments. However, diffusive monitors are Ending increasing use in non-occupational environments. This chapter discusses the principles governing diffusive sampling and the factors that can influence sampler performance, and reviews studies that have applied the technique for the measurement of VOCs in indoor air. 

Well-known and documented techniques exist to monitor product variation while it is within the producer s environment. Most of the techniques require the observations or data to be statistically independent. That is, the data for a specific performance measurement are assumed to have no relationship to prior or successive observations. It is assumed that no correlation exists between data collected prior to or following a specific observation. The techniques used to monitor such data are collectively called statistical process control (SPC). These techniques are utilized in consumer-oriented industries. Some of the more prominent or useful techniques are presented in this chapter. Specifically, seven tools for SPC are reviewed, and their applicability is examined. Furthermore, common and improved approaches for process capability analysis are presented. 

Agami, N., Saleh, M., and Rasmy, M. Supply chain performance measurement approaches Review and classification. Journal of Organizational Management Studies, pages 1-20, 2012. doi 10.5171/2012.872753. 

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