Performance appraisals valid results

When appraising these techniques for freshness determination, there is clear evidence that sdAough many of the methods are accurate, they frequently require uncooked grossly spoiled products and trained personnel for valid results. Another inconvenience is the inability to perform these tests outside of a laboratory setting. Many of the analyses take 1-2 d to obtain results. The seafood industry would benefit from a method that was rapid, sensitive during early stages of spoilage, simple to perform, and useful with both raw and cooked products. 

ENSURING VALID RESULTS FROM THE PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL SYSTEM... 

A process or facility fit assessment needs to be performed and involves translating the transferring site s process into a fit-for-purpose process within the manufacturing facility (Worsham, 2010). A comprehensive appraisal of the process requirements versus facility capabilities should be performed. This can help avoid unanticipated issues, which could lead to either unexpected delays and/or hidden costs at a later stage. Any changes to the process to accommodate the needs of the facility could result in additional process validation requirements. Therefore, changes should be constrained to the absolute minimum, but may be still required to facilitate a commercially viable process. 

The external validity refers to applicability and generalization and is outlined in the section, Applying the Results. The remainder of this section focuses on critically appraising the quality— that is, the internal validity—of individual trials. The internal validity is determined by how well the trial ensures that the known and unknown risk factors are equally distributed between the treatment and control groups. To ensure validity, the conduct of the trial should minimize systematic bias and random error as much as possible to provide results that are as accurate and close to the truth as possible. Four sources of bias are possible in trials of health care interventions selection bias, performance bias, attrition bias, and detection bias. Bias can result in an overestimation or underestimation of the effectiveness of a drug therapy and mislead the reader. While it is beyond... 

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