Perforator test

If sporulation is insufficient, the same procedure may be repeated with commeal agar or potato agar, which is sometimes successful. If this fails too, a number of additional tests exist for the identification of dermatophytes, including urea hydrolysis, in vitro hair perforation test, growth on polished rice grains, temperature enhancement or tolerance tests as well as numerous tests for the detection of special nutritional requirements, e.g. thiamine, niacin. 

Table II. Summary of Published Two-Hour Desiccator and Perforator Test Data for Phenolic Panels...

The two-hour desiccator and Perforator test results shown in Table II are also indicative of very low formaldehyde levels for phenolic panels. As with most of the results obtained in dynamic chamber tests, the uniformity of these test results, both within and between studies, indicates that the various phenolic panel products are quite similar with respect to their emitting potential. 

The purpose of this study was to evaluate laboratory formaldehyde release test methods for predicting real-life formaldehyde air concentrations human exposure levels, and health risk. Three test methods were investigated the European perforator test, the gas analysis method at 60 C and 3% RH, and the gas analysis method at 23 C and 55% RH. Different types of particleboard bonded with urea-formaldehyde and urea-melamine-formaldehyde resins were tested. The results were used to rank boards as a function of test method, conditioning, short-term humidity, and temperature variations during storage. Additional experiments were conducted in small experimental houses at a Dutch research institute. Our conclusions are that relative ranking of products is influenced by the test method and by change in relative humidity. The relationship between test method and release in real-life situations is not clear. In fact, it seems impossible to use laboratory measurements to predict real-life product performance of board if the board is not fully in equilibrium with the atmosphere. 

The incidence of perceptible formaldehyde in homes, offices and schools has caused widespread uncertainty about the safety of living with formaldehyde. This uncertainty was enhanced by the large scale installation of urea formaldehyde foam insulation (UFFI) because a substantial part of this material was made from small scale resin batches prepared under questionable quality control conditions, and was installed by unskilled operators (10). The only reliable way to avoid such uncertainty is to know the emission rate of products and develop a design standard that allows prediction of indoor air levels. The first and most important step in this direction was achieved with the development and implementation of material emission standards. As indicated above, Japan led the field in 1974 with the introduction of the 24-hr desiccator test (6), FESYP followed with the formulation of the perforator test, the gas analysis method, and later with the introduction of air chambers (5). In the U.S. the FTM-1 (32) production test and the FTM-2 air chamber test (33) have made possible the implementation of a HUD standard for mobile homes (8) that is already implemented in some 90% of the UF wood production (35), regardless of product use. 

EN ISO 13433 2006, Geosynthetics — Dynamic perforation test (cone drop test). 

ISO 13433 Geosynthetics Dynamic Perforation Test (Cone Drop Test)... 

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