Perfluorooctane

FLUORINECOMPOUNDS,ORGANIC - FLUORINATED HIGHERCARBOXYLIC ACIDS] (Volll) Perfluorooctane [307-34-6]... 

Microwave and fluorous technologies have been combined in the solution phase parallel synthesis of 3-aminoimidazo[l,2-a]pyridines and -pyrazines [63]. The three-component condensation of a perfluorooctane-sulfonyl (Rfs = CgFiy) substituted benzaldehyde by microwave irradiation in a single-mode instrument at 150 °C for 10 min in CH2CI2 - MeOH in the presence of Sc(OTf)3 gave the imidazo-annulated heterocycles that could be purified by fluorous solid phase extraction (Scheme 9). Subsequent Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of the fluorous sulfonates with arylboronic acids or thiols gave biaryls or aryl sulfides, respectively, albeit it in relatively low yields. 

Several studies have suggested that some critical adverse effects like peroxisome proliferation, hepatotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and developmental toxicity may be associated with chemical exposure to PFCs, particularly to PFOS (perfluorooctane sulfonate) and PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid), two ubiquitous persistent organic pollutants with possible environmental and human health risks. 

Paiano V, Fattore E, Carra A, Generoso C, Fanelli R, Bagnati R (2012) Liquidchroma-tography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluor-ooctanoic acid in fish fillet samples. J Anal Methods Chem 2012 doi 10.1155/2012/719010... 

The convention includes currently 21 POP substances such as chlorinated organic pesticides, brominated organic flame retardants and perfluorooctane sulfonates (PFOS). 

A-EtFOSE, A-EtFOSAA, FOSAA, FOSA, N-EtFOSA, PFOSI (perfluorooctane sulfinate), PFOA, PFOS Solid-liquid extraction — Sonication and centrifugation — Extract poured into a new tube + MeOH — Purification by dispersed solvent (ENVI-Carb) — (in parallel) SPE from headspace sampling LC-ESI-MS-MS (QqQ) 0.1 pg/L (vial)a 46-49 pmol (microcosm)3 [85]... 

Boulanger B, Peck AMea (2005) Mass budget of perfluorooctane surfactants in lake Ontario. Environ Sci Technol 39 74-79... 

The same catalysts have been investigated for the asymmetric oxidation of dialkyl sulfides using PhIO as the oxidant in CH3CN perfluorooctane.[54] Although the conversions (>80%) and selectivities to sulfoxides (>90%) were generally good, and the more heavily fluorinated catalysts could be recycled 4 times with only small drops... 

Takino, M., Daishima, S., and Nakahara, T. (2003). Determination of perfluorooctane sulfonate in river water by liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure photoionization mass spectrometry by automated on-line extraction using turbulent flow chromatography. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 17, 383—390. 

HBCD hexabromocyclododecane, HCB hexachlorobenzene, p,p -DDT Dieldrin, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)-ethane, p,p -DDE l,10-dichloro-2,20-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethylene, p,p -DDD l,10-dichloro-2,20-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane, PFOS perfluorooctane sulfonate, PFHS perfluorohexane sulfonate, PFBS perfluorobutane sulfonate... 

The first heavier than water internal tamponade was introduced in 1987 by Chang with LPFC [1]. The two perfluorocarbons most used are perfluorooctane and perfluorodecaline. Perfluorotributylamine, perfluoropolyether, perfluorooctyl-bromide and perfluorophenanthrene are less used. LPFC are transparent fluids and are not miscible in water and their main characteristic is their high density (1.76-2.03) [2], Their properties are summarised in Table 1. 

C. Eckardt, U. Nicolai, M. Winter, E. Knop, Experimental intraocular tolerance to liquid perfluorooctane and perfluoropolyether. Retina 11 (1991) 375-384. 

An exception is the ophthalmic use of PFCLs (see Table 1) like perfluorooctane (PFO) and perfluorodecalin (PFD). Since the introduction of PFCLs into VR surgery in the 80s [6-8], more than 2 million patients have been treated with PFCLs intra-operatively. In addition, animal studies with at least 3 months exposure have been published [9-11]. This experience based on the high number of well-documented patient cases and the consolidated findings on the effects of a longterm treatment opens the possibility of an exemplary discussion of opportunities and drawbacks of the use of highly fluorinated liquids. 

Biocompatibility of Highly Fluorinated Liquids Used in Ophthalmic Surgery 2.1. Perfluorooctane and perfluorodecalin... 

Using a similar, mixed component technique, Tokuyama Soda KK claim [142] to have increased the yield of perfluorooctane to greater than 45 % by the simultaneous fluorination of -octane and a nitrogenous organic compound. 

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