Fluorine liquid

Safe handling techniques enable the transport liquid fluorine by the ton. 

Information on bimetallic corrosion for buried metals may be obtained in Referencesfor embedded metals in References , and for non-aqueous liquids in References (liquid fluorine)and (liquid ammonia). 

Water in the solid state forms mixtures that are very sensitive to impact with liquid fluorine, which, if they detonate, have the same disruptive property as trinitrotoluene. If water is in the liquid state, the explosion is instantaneous and equally violent. 

Iron combusts spontaneously in liquid fluorine. With chlorine, heating is necessary to cause thread iron to combust. 

Violent explosions occur when fluorine directly contacts liquid hydrocarbons, even at —210 with anthracene or turpentine, or solid methane at — 190°C with liquid fluorine. Many lubricants ignite in fluorine [1,2]. Contact and reaction under carefully controlled conditions with catalysis can now be effected smoothly [3], Gaseous hydrocarbons (town gas, methane) ignite in contact with fluorine, and mixtures with unsaturated hydrocarbons (ethylene, acetylene) may explode on exposure to sunlight. Each bubble of fluorine passed through benzene causes ignition, but a rapid stream may lead to explosion [4],... 

Mixtures of liquid fluorine and ice are highly impact-sensitive, with a power comparable to that of TNT. Contact of moist air or water with liquid fluorine can thus be very hazardous [1,2]. 

Arsenic trioxide reacts violently and nitrogen oxide ignites in excess fluorine. Bubbles of sulfur dioxide explode separately on contacting fluorine, while addition of the latter to sulfur dioxide causes an explosion at a certain concentration [1], Reaction of fluorine with dinitrogen tetraoxide usually causes ignition [2], Interaction with carbon monoxide may be explosive. Anhydrous silica incandesces in the gas, and interaction with liquid fluorine at — 80°C is explosive [3,4], Boron trioxide also incandesces in the gas [3],... 

Tests showed that Teflon gaskets containing more than 0.35 wt% of sorbed trichloroethylene were potentially hazardous in contact with liquid fluorine. 

Purge gases used with liquid fluorine (—188°C or below) must be scrupulously dry and of low hydrocarbon content (<5 ppm), to prevent formation of ice crystals or solid hydrocarbons. 

Treatment of liquid air (containing condensed atmospheric moisture) with fluorine give a potentially explosive precipitate, thought to be fluorine hydrate [1], Contact of liquid fluorine with a bulk of water causes violent explosions. Ice tends to react explosively with fluorine gas after an indeterminate induction period [2],... 

If a large amount of radon, such as 10 mCi, is mixed with fluorine in a small vessel (e.g., a 30 ml Kel-F test tube), the fluorination occurs spontaneously in the gas phase at room temperature or in liquid fluorine at -195°C. The activation is provided by the intense a radiation, which produces large numbers of ions and excited atoms ... 

Ethyl sulfate Flammable liquids Fluorine Formamide Freon 113 Glycerol Oxidizing materials, water Ammonium nitrate, chromic acid, the halogens, hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid Isolate from everything only lead and nickel resist prolonged attack Iodine, pyridine, sulfur trioxide Aluminum, barium, lithium, samarium, NaK alloy, titanium Acetic anhydride, hypochlorites, chromium(VI) oxide, perchlorates, alkali peroxides, sodium hydride... 

The fuel cell coolant system uses a liquid fluorinated hydrocarbon and transfers the waste heat from the cell stack through the fuel cell heat exchanger of the fuel cell power plant to the Freon-21 coolant loop system in the midfuselage. Internal control of the circulating fluid keeps the cell stack at an operating temperature of approximately 200°F. 

The C-perfluorodisulfonimide (72) is readily N-fluorinated (Equation (4)) by liquid fluorine <87JA7194, 87JAP8726264>. The N-fluoro derivative (73) is a powerful fluorinating agent of high stability and suitable physical properties. It can be converted back to the imide (72) by ammonia... 

Fluorine gas is sold commercially in stainless steel or monel cylinders as compressed gas or as liquid fluorine. 

White tetragonal crystal sublimes under vacuum at 0°C decomposes slowly at 25°C density 3.24 g/cm reacts with water vapor pressure 30 torr at 0°C slightly soluble in liquid fluorine. 

B) R.H. Lafferty, Jr et al, C EN 26, 3336-37 (1948) CA 43, 406(1949)(Explosibility produced by liquid fluorine brought in contact with organic materials. For example, when neoprene was dipped into liq F at liquid N temp, a si expln and combstn took place, whereas cotton gave an immediate violent expln with white flame)... 

Fluorine Organic Materials. Experiments were conducted by plunging small pieces of organic materials into lOg of liquid fluorine contained in a small Ni cylinder and surrounded by liquid N in a stainless steel beaker. While neoprene produced only a slight explosion, cotton gave an immediate violent expl with a brilliant white flame... 

Nevertheless it should be borne in mind that the use of liquid fluorine has considerable disadvantages. Its boiling point is — 187°C. To prevent corrosion special vessels of nickel alloys surrounded by a jacket filled with liquid nitrogen (boiling point — 199.5°C) are required. 

Cryogenic liquid fluorine and hydrazine (/s = 316) or liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen (7S = 364). 

Boron, phosphoms (yellow or red), selenium, tellurium and sulfur all ignite in contact with fluorine at ambient temperature, silicon attaining a temperature above 1400°C [1]. The reactivity shown by various forms of carbon (charcoal, lampblack, soot) all of which ignite and burn vigorously in fluorine [1] has been reported to be due to presence of various impurities, moisture and hydrocarbons [1,2]. Carefully purified carbon (massive graphite) is inert to fluorine at ambient or slightly elevated temperatures for a short period but may then react explosively [2]. Phosphorus [3] and sulfur incandesce in liquid fluorine, and sulfur ignites even at —188°C [4],... 

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