Peptide immunotherapy

Larche M. Robinson DS Cat allergen peptide immunotherapy reduces CD4+ T-cell responses to cat allergen but does not alter suppression by CD4+ CD25+ T cells a double-blind placebo-controlled study. Allergy 2004 59 1097-1101. 

Peptide immunotherapy (PIT) is another attractive approach for investigation of peripheral T-cell tolerance in humans. Short allergen peptides, either native sequences or altered peptide... 

Von Garnier C, Astori M, Kettner A, Dufour N, Heusser C, Corradin G, et al Allergen-derived long peptide immunotherapy down-regulates specific IgE response and protects from anaphylaxis. Eur J Immunol 2000 30 1638-1645. 

Tarzi M, Klunker S, Texier C, Verhoef A, Stapel SO, Akdis CA, Maillere B, Kay AB, Larche M Induction of inter-leukin-10 and suppressor of cytokine signalling-3 gene expression foUowing peptide immunotherapy. Clin Exp AUergy 2006 36 465-474. 

An alternative to injection treatment is oral immunotherapy. Gastric protein degradation prevents the use of orally administered peptide immunotherapy, but an oral delivery system using enteric-protected antigen protopolysaccharide microspheres has been developed. These formulations have been assessed in clinical trials, but to date the patient numbers have been too small to allow any useful conclusions about efficacy or the risk of adverse effects (SEDA-21, 189) (SEDA-21, 190) (SEDA-22,196). 

Second, we described the successful outcomes of Ap immunotherapy in mutant mice with Ap amyloidosis. Unfortunately, in humans, although Phase 1 trials with Ap peptide and adjuvant vaccination were not associated with any adverse events, Phase 2 trials were suspended because of severe adverse reactions (meningoencephalitis) in a subset of patients [79,90]. The pathology in a single case, consistent with T-cell meningitis [90], was interpreted to show some clearance of Ap deposits, yet these regions... 

Induction of Treg Activity by Peptide-Based Immunotherapy... 

Muller U, Akdis CA, Fricker M, Akdis M, Blesken T, Bettens F, Blaser K Successful immunotherapy with T-cell epitope peptides of bee venom phosphohpase A2 induces specific T-cell anergy in patients allergic to bee venom. J Allergy Chn Immunol 1998 101 747-754. 

Leech MD, Chung C-Y, Culshaw A, Anderton SM Peptide-based immunotherapy of CNS autoimmune disease without anaphylaxis. Eur J Immunol 2007 37 3576-3581. 

The mode of association of peptides to liposome carriers might also be critical to induce a preferential immune response either humoral or cell mediated. For example, using a human mucin MUCl 20-mer peptide, it was found that only the physical association of the peptide to liposomes (either encapsulated or surface exposed after anchoring) was necessary to observe a cell-mediated response (34). In line with this observation, it was recently shown that a soluble peptide, representing a Melan-A/MART-1 tumor-associated antigen, when encapsulated into sterically stabilized liposomes, was able to stimulate a CTL response and this construct represented a suitable formulation for a specific tumor immunotherapy (69). In contrast, and in agreement with other studies (16), only the liposome surface exposed... 

Parmiani G, Castelli C, Dalerba P, et al. Cancer immunotherapy with peptide-based vaccines What have we achieved Where are we going J Natl Cancer Inst 2002 94(11) 805—818. 

Mocellin S, Rossi CR, Nitti D, Lise M, Marincola FM. Dissecting tumor responsiveness to immunotherapy The experience of peptide-based melanoma vaccines. Biochim Biophys Acta 2003 1653(2) 61—71. 

C., Hwang, K., Goren, M. Peptides as requirement for immunotherapy of the guinea-pig line 10 tumor with endotoxins. Cancer Immunol Immunother 12 (1979) 91-96. 

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