Pema canaliculus

Anderlini, V.C. 1992. The effect of sewage on trace metal concentrations and scope for growth in Mytilus edulis aoteanus and Pema canaliculus from Wellington Harhour, New Zealand. Sci. Total Environ. 125 263-288. 

The cockle, Austrovenus stutchburyi from New Zealand contained brevetoxin Bi (225) [230] and the greenshell mussel, Pema canaliculus contained brevetoxin B3 (226) [231]. A further brevetoxin analogue, brevetoxin B2 (227) was isolated from the hepatopancreas of P. canaliculus [232], while the major toxin in neurological shellfish poisoning (NSP) associated with P. canaliculus was identified as brevetoxin B4 (228) [233]. 

Morohashi, A., Satake, M., Naoki, H., Kasper, H.F., Oshima, Y, Yasumoto, T. 1999. Brevetoxin B4 isolated from greenshell mussels Pema canaliculus, the major toxin involved in neurotoxic shellfish poisoning in New Zealand. Natural Toxins 7, 45 8. 

MacKenzie, L., Holland, P, McNabb, P, Beuzenberg, Y, Selwoo4 A. and Suzuki, T, 2002. Complex toxin profiles in phytoplankton and Greenshell mussels (Pema canaliculus), revealed by LC-MS/MS analysis. Toxicon 40,1321—1330. 

Whyte, A.L.H., Raumati, H.G., Greening, G.E., Gibbs-Smith, E., Gardner, J.P.A. Human dietary exposure to heavy metals via the consumption of greenshell mussels (Pema canaliculus Gmelin 1791) from the Bay of Islands, northern New Zealand. Sci. Total Environ. 407, 4348 355 (2009)... 

An extract of the New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Pema canaliculus) (SED-11, 1021) has been advocated for the treatment of arthritic symptoms. Reported adverse effects include flare-up of the disease, epigastric discomfort, flatulence, and nausea. Jaundice some weeks after starting treatment has been reported. 

Suzuki, T., Mackenzie, L., Stirling, D., and Adamson, J., Conversion of pectenotoxin-2 to pectenotoxin-2 seco acid by the New Zealand GreensheU mussel, Pema canaliculus. Toxicon, 39, 507, 2001. 

Ishida, H., Nozawa, A., Nukaya, H., and Tsuji, K. Comparative concentrations of brevetoxins PbTx-2, PbTx-3, BTX-Bl, and BTX-B5 in cocMe Austrovems stuchburyi, greenshell mussel, Pema canaliculus, and Pacific oyster, Cmssostem gigas, involved in neurotoxic shellfish poisoning in New Zealand, Toxicon, 43, 779-789, 2004c. 

RAGG NEC, KING N, WATTS E and MORRisH J (2010) Optimising the dehvery of the key dietary diatom Chaetoceros calcitrans to intensively cultured Greenshell (TM) mussel larvae, Pema canaliculus. Aquaculture, 306,270-280. 

Murphy, K.J., Mooney, B.D., Mann, N.J., Nichols, P.D., and Sinclair, A. J. (2002) Lipid, FA, and sterol composition of New Zealand green lipped mussel (Pema canaliculus) and Tasmanian blue mussel [Mytilus cdulis). Lipids, 37, 587-595. 

N., and Macrides, T.A. (2007) Novel anti-inflammatory ti)-3 PUFAs from the New Zealand green-hpped mussel, Pema canaliculus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 147B, 645-656. 

In the New Zealand green-lipped mussel Pema canaliculus, phospholipid levels vary from 57% to 62% and 91 fatty adds belonging to the families n-4, n-5, n-6, n-7, n- 8, n-9, n-10 and n-11 have been identified, but only 16 of them are present at levels above 1%. The major adds belong to the series n-3 ( 40% of total fatty acids), vnth EPA and DHA accounting for 84% of this series (Murphy et al, 2002 Murphy, Mann, and Sinclair, 2003 Wolyniak et al, 2005). Similar results have been obtained with the Tasmanian blue mussel Mytilus edulis, and both spedes contain the rare fatty acid (28 8)n-3 at levels from 0.2% to 0.8% (Murphy et al, 2002). 

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