PEDOT connected

PL and EL emissions from a very low band-gap copolymer 330 (Eg 1.27eV) was demonstrated by Swedish researchers [411]. The material has two absorption peaks at 400 and 780 nm and emits light in the NIR region. The PL spectrum of thin films has one peak at 1035 nm, which is blue-shifted by ca. 60 nm on annealing at 200°C for 10min. The ITO/PEDOT/330/Ca/Al diode was positively biased when the Al/Ca electrode was connected to lower potential and the EL emission became observable at 1.1 V (AEL = 970 nm). The d>KLfor a nonoptimized device was quite low (0.03-0.05%), nevertheless demonstration of EL from PLED in the NIR can be important for communication and sensor technologies (Chart 2.85). 

A solid-state solar cell was assembled with an ionic liquid—l-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfone)amide (EMITFSA) containing 0.2 M lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfone)amide and 0.2 M 4-tert-butylpyridine—as the electrolyte and Au or Pt sputtered film as the cathode.51,52 The in situ PEP of polypyrrole and PEDOT allows efficient hole transport between the ruthenium dye and the hole conducting polymer, which was facilitated by the improved electronic interaction of the HOMO of the ruthenium dye and the conduction band of the hole transport material. The best photovoltaic result ( 7p=0.62 %, 7SC=104 pA/cm2, FOC=0.716 V, and FF=0.78) was obtained from the ruthenium dye 5 with polypyrrole as the hole transport layer and the carbon-based counterelectrode under 10 mW/cm2 illumination. The use of carbon-based materials has improved the electric connectivity between the hole transport layer and the electrode.51... 

Figure 7.10 Tandem solar cell structure for polymer blend solar cells, based on the design demonstrated by Hadipour et al. (2006). In this all-solution-processed device, the top cell consists of a polymer PCBM bulk heterojunction with an absorption maximum of 550 nm and preferentially absorbs short-wavelength light, while the bottom cell is made from a bulk heterojunction of PCBM with a red-absortring polymer and absorbs longer-wavelength light. The composite gold-PEDOT PSS internal layer connects the two cells in...

The increase of Vbi is connected directly to a reduction of the work function of the metallic-only cathodes when replacing Al with Ca/Al the magnitude of Vbi for two LEDs ( Vbi = 1.2 V for Al and 2.4 V for Ca) is consistent with the built-in potential being equal to the difference between the work function of the cathode (Al or Ca) and that of the PEDOT PSS anode (< = 5.2 eV) as in the ideal Schottky case Vbi — [< (anode) — < (cathode)]/e ... 

The glass substrate is heated to 80 °C in a polymerization chamber maintained at 150 mTorr. Two source jars with bromine and EDOT are connected, independently, to the chamber through transfer lines. The monomer source jar and transfer line are heated to 150 °C and simultaneously allow the vapors of bromine and EDOT to enter the chamber for 40 min. The resulting thin (40 nm) films of PEDOT are used for further characterization and show conductivity of 380 8 S cm The thickness of thin films of PEDOT can be controlled by varying the deposition time. ... 

An investigation into the co-operative behavior demonstrates that the percolation threshold can be modeled using a multi-component continuum connectedness percolation theory. A deeper investigation into the co-operative nature of the two conductive components revealed that the contribution of the SWCNTs to the overall composite conductivity is minimal, and that the role of the SWCNTs is more morphological and likely to be that of a kind of template or scaffold for the deposition of a connected PEDOT PSS phase. 

The improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) of plasmonic solar cells is always an urgent problem and short circuit current density is one of the key factors for the PCE. The improvement in the Jsc of plasmonic solar cells is mainly achieved by the introduction of metallic nanoparticles, such as blending Au nanoparticles into the anodic buffer layer or the interconnecting layer that connects two subcells of the tandem plasmonic solar cells [86]. Compared with the metallic NPs, nanowires (NWs) are superior in terms of improving photocurrent, while most of the metallic NWs introducing in cells reported previously were used for the anodic contact of the cells [87]. The improvement of PCE in bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells with active layer P3HT PCBM by introducing 40 nm Au nanoparticles between ITO and PEDOT PSS layer with various concentrations is also observed by Gao et al. [88]. It has been found that both short-circuit current density and PCE increase from 3.50% to 3.81% with 0.9 wt. % Au NPs due to the localized surface plasmon excitation of Au NPs. 

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