3- tert-Butylpyridine

Figure 17.19 Dark currents of DSSCs measured with the four different dyes reported in Fig. 17.9 and [Co(dbbip)2]2 + /3+ 0.1/0.01M, 0.2M Li +, and 0.1M 4 -tert-butylpyridine in acetonitirile/ethylene carbonate 1/1. From Herve Nusbaumer, EPFL, 2004.

Figure 6.5 (a) Structure of porphyrin clips 11, Znll and Mnll. (b) Two approaches in which Mnll is used as an epoxidation catalyst in combination with pyridine or 4-tert-butylpyridine as the axial ligand. 

A solid-state solar cell was assembled with an ionic liquid—l-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfone)amide (EMITFSA) containing 0.2 M lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfone)amide and 0.2 M 4-tert-butylpyridine—as the electrolyte and Au or Pt sputtered film as the cathode.51,52 The in situ PEP of polypyrrole and PEDOT allows efficient hole transport between the ruthenium dye and the hole conducting polymer, which was facilitated by the improved electronic interaction of the HOMO of the ruthenium dye and the conduction band of the hole transport material. The best photovoltaic result ( 7p=0.62 %, 7SC=104 pA/cm2, FOC=0.716 V, and FF=0.78) was obtained from the ruthenium dye 5 with polypyrrole as the hole transport layer and the carbon-based counterelectrode under 10 mW/cm2 illumination. The use of carbon-based materials has improved the electric connectivity between the hole transport layer and the electrode.51... 

Very recently, an extensive study on the influence of additives, oxidants, and solvents on the MTO-catalyzed oxidation of a-pinene was published (entries 12-15) [54], By following the reaction in time and varying the amount of nitrogen base (in this case 4-tert-butylpyridine) at both 0°C and 25°C, it was found that the amount of a-pinene oxide increases rapidly in the beginning but decreases later on in the reaction, indicating that the oxidation is relatively fast compared to the hydrolysis of the epoxide. The best conditions use 20 equivalents of 4-tert-butylpyridine and a reaction temperature of 0°C to give an a-pinene oxide yield of 85% after 1.5 h (entry 12). 

To a magnetically stirred solution of bromobis[2,3-butanedione dioximato(l-)]-(dimethyl sulfide)cobalt(III) (8.6 g, 0.02 mole) (see above) and dry dichloro-methane (100 mL) in a 500-mL round-bottomed flask is added 3.4 mL of 4-tert-butylpyridine (4-rm-bupy) (3.1 g, 0.02 mole). After the solution is stirred for 1 hour, the solvent is removed under reduced pressure, keeping the temperature below 25°. The resulting brown residue is triturated with diethyl ether, and the solid is collected by suction filtration and washed with additional diethyl ether. The brown powder is then stirred in 100 mL of water for 10 minutes, isolated by filtration, washed well with water, and air dried to give 9.2 g of bromobis-[2,3-butanedione dioximato(l-)] (4-rm-butylpyridine)cobalt(III) (yield is typically 90%). Anal. Calcd. for C17H27BrNs04Co C, 40.49 H, 5.40 N, 13.89 Br, 15.85. Found C, 40.51 H, 5.55 N, 14.06 Br, 16.00. 

The complexes [Ru(Pc)(CO)L] and [Ru(Pc)L2] (L = py, 4-methylpyridine, 4-tert-butylpyridine, imid, MeCN, DMF, DMSO) each show a reversible one electron oxidation in CH2C12 El — + 0.91 V and + 0.77 vs. SCE for [Ru(Pc)COpy] and [Ru(Pc)py2] respectively.2635 Quantitative oxidation gives the it radical cation products [Ru(Pc+)(CO)L] and [Ru(Pc+)L2] which have been characterized by electronic and ESR spectroscopy 26 the redox activity of ruthenium phthalocyani-nes have been compared to the corresponding porphyrin analogues.2635... 

Fig. 2. OR.TEP drawing (50% elli oids) of the one-to-one C -osmitun tctroxide adduct C6o(Os04)(4-tert-butylpyridine)2 showing the geometry of the C40O2 unit and the numbering scheme.

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