Pears soap

Transparent Soaps The early commercial transparent soap bars were based on conventional fat charges of tallow and coconut and also contained solubility enhancers such as potassium soap and rosin, in addition to glycerol and ethanol. These products were cast into molds and allowed to set and then stored for an extended period of time to allow the ethanol to evaporate. It is only after evaporation of the ethanol that transparency is achieved. This overall process can take several weeks and coupled with the alcohol evaporation is a slow and costly process. The best known product of this type still exists today and is sold by Unilever under the name Pears soap. ... 

A unique problem in pear trees is the pear psylla, a sapsucking insect that deposits sticky honeydew, which supports the growth of black sooty mold. Spray psylla with Insecticidal soap. The next season, spray with horticultural oil In early spring and again when buds show green. 

Uses Vulcanizer seed disinfectant rubber accelerator rabbit, deer and rodent repellent bacteriostat in soap. Protective fungicide applied to foliage to control Botrytis spp. On ornamentals, lettuce, soft fruit, and vegetables Venturia pirina on pears. Also used in fields and orchards to control birds, rodents, and deer (Worthing and Hance, 1991). Prevents infestation of... 

Soap or wetting agent formulations dissolve the honeydew and also have a limited toxic effect on the pear sucker larvae. Pyrethrum sprays also only have a limited effect on the larvae. Wait for rain or water the orchard before using a pyrethrum spray, so as to dissolve the honeydew. 

World-famous commercial soap products such as Lifebuoy, PalmoUve and Pears which originated in the nineteenth century were still with us and widely known at the end of the twentieth century. Brand names of detergent powders which originated around the middle of the twentieth century have yet to stand the test of time. 

When quite cold, the soap is to he put into a marble mortar and well pounded with a wooden pestle, by which process the separated particles become united, and a perfectly homogeneous paste formed, which has a beautdiul pearly lustre hence it is sometimes called pearl soap. This preparation is usually perfiimed with oil of hitter almonds hence it is also called almond cream. 

Many perfumers prepare this soap in iron kettles with a double bottom, heated by steam some use siLyer kettles, which are preferable, because in them the soap will retain its whiteness. The engravingPig. 26 represents a jacket or kettle with a donble bottom, heated by steam. This kettle is of tinned copper, and may be also used to purify tallow and greases. The operation lasts in all ftom seven to eight hours. When the soap is entirely cooled dowl pour it into large stone jars, in which it is kept for use. Soft soap, as obtained by the saponification of fatty matters by potash, has not that bright nacreous pearly) appearance required for the toilet. To obtain it in this state it is ground in a marble mortar and aromatised with oil of bitter almonds. 

When oil from the head of a sperm whale is cooled, spermaceti, a translucent wax with a white, pearly luster, crystallizes from the mixture. Spermaceti, which makes up 11% of whale oil, is composed mainly of hexadecyl hexadecanoate (cetyl palmitate). At one time, spermaceti was widely used in the making of cosmetics, fragrant soaps, and candles. Draw a structural formula of cetyl palmitate. (See Example 14.1)... 

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