Peaking factors

Schroeder, 1970a] Schroeder, M. (1970a). Synthesis of low-peak-factor signals and binary sequences with low autocorrelation. IEEE Trans. Information Theory, IT-16 85-89. 

As you examine more l3C-NMR spectra, you will find that the heights (which are proportional to the areas) of the peaks often do nol directly correspond to the number of carbons responsible for those peaks. Factors other than the number of carbons also affect the areas of the peaks. Although it is possible to obtain an accurate integral experimentally, the process is time consuming and is not usually done. 

Get peaking factors and mass loading rates. Obtain peaking factors for the sustained peak BOD loading rate from Fig. 16.1a, and determine the sustained mass-loading rates for various time periods [see table, columns (1), (2), and (3)]. 

FIGURE 16.2 Peaking factor and total BOD versus length of sustained peak loading. 

Fig. 3.19. Histogram of the probability distribution function of the toroidal peaking factor (toroidal asymmetry from measurements at two toroidal locations) for ELM energy deposition at the divertor target in DIII-D discharges [33,37]...

The prototype detention time and overflow rate were calculated to be 1.5 h and 28 m/d, respectively. The peaking factor is 3.0 and the minimizing factor is 0.3. Calculate the volume of the tank. The average daily flow rate is 20,000 mVd. Use rectangular basin. 

Example 17.13 Specify the chlorine dosing system to be used for a wastewater treatment plant processing an average of 25,000 mVd of wastewater. The peaking factor is 3.0 and the regulatory agency requires a dosage of 20.0 mg/L. 

Figure 8. Peaking Factors Versus Cycle Exposure...

The characteristic design of low power density and peaking factor limits the maximum fuel... 

In another method (ASTM D-4420) for the determination of the amount of aromatic constituents, a two-column chromatographic system connected to a dual-filament thermal conductivity detector (or two single-filament detectors) is used.The sample is injected into the column containing a polar liquid phase. The nonaromatics are directed to the reference side of the detector and vented to the atmosphere as they elute. The column is back-flushed immediately before the elution of benzene, and the aromatic portion is directed into the second column containing a nonpolar liquid phase. The aromatic components elute in the order of their boiling points and are detected on the analytical side of the detector. Quantitation is achieved by utilizing peak factors obtained from the analysis of a sample having a known aromatic content. 

Table H.lb shows the doubling factor , the peak factor and the power factor of currents that flow in an inductive circuit that has different X-to-R or R-to-X factors.

X-to-R ratio (pu) R-to-X ratio (pu) Doubling factor (pu) Peak factor (pu) Power factor (pu)... 

It is assumed that heat transfer occurs only in the radial direction. In reality, 10-12 per cent of the heat is dissipated axially (Rasmussen, 1978). The core power peaking factor (radial) is assumed to be 1.5, with a linear distribution as a function of the radius. 

In normal operation, however, an axial peaking factor of 1.4—1.5 should also be taken into account. 

Neutronics dependent fuel parameters, including power peaking factors... 

Other fuel performance details are given in Table IX. Peaking factors used in the design are given in Table X. 

A velocity peaking factor of 1.15, derived from the radial power distribution, results in a peak velocity of 21.0 fps in the inner subassembly of the outer zone. These subassemblies are unorificed, thus setting the core pressure drop. The resultant pressure drop is 40.5 psi due to fuel pins, 16.5 psi due to the spiral wire wrap, and 6.4 psi due to entrance and exit losses. Pressure drop through the rest of the primary loop is 30.5 psi, giving a total pump head of 93.9 psi. Assuming a 75 % efficient pump and motor, this requires 1.25% of the net plant output to drive the primary pumps. 

Development work is needed, although already underway, in applying the collision probability method to the problem of Doppler coefficients. Similarly, work in different models on the calculation of ratios such as power peaking factors and perturbations in these ratios would considerably assist design procedures. 

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