Peak amplification factor

The model for the present condition is simulated and compared with the field data measured by HMTC during typhoon Tim in July 1994. The model results and field data at station 22 and 8 are presented in Fig. 25.16. It shows the amplification factor as a function of the incident wave period. It is seen that the comparison is quite good with respect to resonant periods, resonant bandwidth, and peak amplification factors. The results clearly indicate that there exists a broadband of resonant response for wave periods between 100 and 160 s and the computer model results appear to have captured the resonant modes correctly. 

Note In centrifugal pumps, the typical damped response to unbalance does not show a peak in displacement at resonance large enough to assess the amplification factor. With this limitation, assessment of the damped response to unbalance is restricted to comparing rotor displacement to the available clearance. 

Most peaks disappeared quickly as the delay time was changed from 35 ps to 55 ps (note the amplification factor of 20 and 40 for the delay times of 55 ps and on). 

The local site effects play an important role in the evaluation of seismic hazard. The proper evaluation of the local site effects will help in evaluating the amplification factors for different locations. This article deals with the evaluation of peak ground acceleration and response spectra based on the local site effects for the study area. The seismic hazard analysis was done based on a probabilistic logic tree approach and the peak horizontal acceleration (PHA) values at the bed rock level were evaluated. Different methods of site classification have been reviewed in the present work. The surface level peak ground acceleration (PGA) values were evaluatedfor the entire study area for four different site classes based on NEHRP site classification. The uniform hazard response spectrum (UHRS) has been developed for the city of Bangalore and the details are presented in this work. 

Figure 7 gives the amplification factors of peak horizontal accelerations (7 pha) different elevations on the surface of the two model slopes, which... 

In terms of amplification factor (given as the ratio between the max acceleration at surface to the max acceleration at bedrock), nonlinearity effects can lead to a reduction of the amplification at surface with increasing acceleration levels at bedrock. On the basis of data recorded during Mexico City (1985) and San Francisco Bay area (1989) earthquakes, and of additional ground respraise analyses, Idriss (1990) related peak accelerations on soft soil deposits to those (Ml r(x k sites, as reported in Fig. 8. For accelerati(Mi levels lower than about 0.4 g, the peak acceleration at soft soil surface is likely to... 

The data are dominated by a few low molecular weight components. Figure 15.11 presents an image that has been amplified by a factor of 30 many more components are visible. Figure 15.12 presents the same data amplified by another factor of 30 for a total amplification of 1000, and a sea of peaks is visible. An unsupervised routine was used to isolate all local maxima in the data 190 components were resolved with amplitude greater than 10 times the standard deviation of the background signal. 

Another important property of PMTs is the pulse height distribution. The amplification of individual photoelectrons by the PMT is a stochastic process that causes variations in the gain of individual photoelectrons. As a result significant jitter in the amplitude of the output pulses is observed, see Fig. 3.6. These pulse height variations can be more than a factor of 10. The lowest pulse heights mainly consist of (thermal) noise, indicated by the dashed line in Fig. 3.6. The pulse height distribution exhibits a peak corresponding to detected photons. The threshold level of the... 

The peaks of the mass spectrum often differ by a factor of several hundred in their intensity. Therefore, the registering system of a mass spectrometer records the spectrum simultaneously by several channels which differ in the magnitude of amplification. 

Amplified RDF is a descriptor resulting from using a property product as a factor for the exponential term in an RDF descriptor, leading to an amplification of peaks that originate from atom pairs with strongly different atom properties. 

Another promising technique based on Raman spectroscopy is SERS. In this technique the molecules to be studied are adsorbed on gold or silver colloidal particles, leading to an impressive amplification of the signal (typically by a factor of 100-1000). This technique was recently employed by Leong and coworkers to localize the osmium complex 55 (Scheme 11.10) adsorbed on gold nanoparticles [152]. This time the amplified t/(CO) peaks of the complex have an intensity sufficient to allow study at concentrations in the micromolar range. 

The most common form of deconvolution is Fourier self-deconvolution, which, as the name implies, takes place in the Fourier (time) domain. Deconvolution in the frequency domain is extremely arduous and lengthy. In the time domain, however, deconvolution equates to multiplication—and is therefore much quicker, even after taking into account the extra processing required for the FFT and IFFT. The procedure requires a knowledge of the band shape and full width, half-maximum resolution of the peaks involved. It is also common to enter a resolution enhancement factor—i.e. how much we want to improve the resolution by. As deconvolution is tremendously sensitive to noise, do not attempt it if the signal-to-noise ratio is less than a hundred. Also, enhancement factors tend not to be much greater than 2.5, owing to the noise amplification that occurs. 

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