Pea cells

The Css polyprenol (154) obtained from leaves of Magnolia campbelUi has been shown to be a mixture of cis- and /ran -isomers. The preparation of dolichyl phosphate (155) by a pea cell-free extract has been described. Evidence has been obtained that a lipid, containing 7V-acetylglucosamine, which was obtained from Phaseolus vulgaris hypocotyls, consists of a mixture of the dolichol (156) derivatives dolichyl pyrophosphate N-acetylglucosamine and dolichyl pyrophosphate di-N-acetylchitobiose. ... 

Talbott, L.D. and Ray, RM. (1992). Molecular size and separability features of pea cell wall polysaccharides implications for models of primary structure. Plant Physiology, 98, 357-368. 

PS and S monomer. A second phase separation follows, leading to a fine structure of PS domains in the PEA cell walls as well as the cellular structure itself. 

Other experiments with Gibberellafujikuroi the fungus that produces gibbereUin, indicate that GA production is blocked by BAS 111. Very detailed and carehil experiments conducted with enzymes in ceU-free systems strongly support this mode of action, ie, using /-kaurene oxidase and cinnamate 4-mono-oxygenase isolated from pea apices and soybean suspension cells, and avanone-2-hydtoxylase and dibydroxypterocarpane 6-hydtoxylase from soybean suspension cells (31). 

Protein is an important component of most foods. Nearly everything we eat contains at least a small amount of protein. Lean meats and vegetables such as peas and beans are particularly rich in protein. In our digestive system, proteins are broken down into small molecules called a-amino acids. These molecules can then be reassembled in cells to form other proteins required by the body. 

Protoanemonin, which has been isolated from Anemone pulsatilla and Ranunculus spp., was reported to inhibit root growth by slowing down metabolism and blocking mitosis 35). Erickson and Rosen 35) observed cytological effects in corn root tips at concentrations of 10M and lower. Cells undergoing division appeared to accumulate in the interphase or prophase stages. Metaphase, anaphase, and telophase stages were not observed. Cytoplasmic and vacuolar structures were disturbed and the presence of mitochondria could not be demonstrated in treated tissue. Thimann and Bonner 141) reported that protoanemonin was 10 to 30 times more inhibitory than coumarin in coleoptile and split pea stem tests, and that BAL prevented the inhibitory action. 

Due to their physicochemical properties trace amines can pass the cell membrane to a limited extent by passive diffusion, with the more lipophilic PEA and TRP crossing membranes more readily than the more polar amines TYR. and OCT. In spite of these features, trace amines show a heterogeneous tissue distribution in the vertebrate brain, and for TYR. and OCT storage in synaptic vesicles as well as activity-dependent release have been demonstrated. So far, trace amines have always been found co-localized with monoamine neurotransmitters, and there is no evidence for neurons or synapses exclusively containing trace amines. 

Rower, D.J. Ludlow, M.M. (1986). Contribution of osmotic adjustment to the dehydration tolerance of water-stressed pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) leaves. Plant, Cell and Environment, 9, 33-40. 

The shift in pattern of protein synthesis during anaerobiosis has been observed in root tissue of many other plant species including rice, sorghum, barley, pea, and carrot (see Sachs Ho, 1986). In anaerobically treated barley aleurone cells, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity increases (Hanson Jacobsen, 1984) as does enzyme activity and mRNA levels for ADH (Hanson, Jacobsen Zwar, 1984). 

Stephenson, M.B. and Hawes, M.C. (1994) Correlation of Pectin Mcthylesterase Activity in Root Caps of Pea with Root Border Cell Separation. Plant Physiol. 106 739-... 

Some properties of the different isoforms extracted from mung bean hypocotyi cell walls (called respectively PEa, PEP and PEy, a for the neutral isoform, P for the PME with a pi around 8.5 and y for the most basic one) are reported in Table 3. The three esterases differed not only in their pi but also by their Mr, their pH optimum and the ionic strength necessary for their solubilization. 

Extrusion-cooking of cell-wall rich products (e.g. wheat bran, apple pomace, citrus peels, sugar-beet pulp, pea hulls.) led to an important solubilisation of polysaccharides of various types without extensive degradation of the polymeric structure. The possibility of obtaining gelled systems directly with the extruded pectin-rich materials was demonstrated. 

Several bioactive fractions from pea stem cell wall pectin have been separated. The fractions contained mainly galacturonides inhibited the process of root formation in thin cell-layer explants, while the fractions contained only neutral sugars stimulated this process to different extend. Analysis of the last fractions showed that they mainly consisted of galactan and arabinogalactan fragments. 

This paper reports on the separation of some fragments obtained by acid hydrolyses of pectin from pea shoot cell walls, which had effect on thin cell-layer explant rhizogenesis. 

Figure 1. Size-exclusion chromatography on TSK HW-40 of pectin hydrolysate from pea shoot cell wall. The fractions (1 ml each) were pooled as indicated. 0 - Uronic acids, A - pentoses, x - hexoses.

R. Welch, W. Norvell, S. Schaefer, J. Shaff, and L. Kochian, Induction of iron (111) and copper (11) reduction in pea Pisiim. sativum L.) roots by Fe and Cu status. Does the root-cell plasma Fe(lll) reductase perform a general role in regulating cation uptake Planta 190 555 (1993). 

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