Pattern recognition receptors PRRs

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are receptors expressed by cells from the innate immune system... 

The common microbial patterns render recognition by organisms and their self/ nonself recognition is based on innate mechanisms. The common microbial patterns include lipopolysaccharides (LPS), mannose, fucose, technoic acid and /V-formyl peptides. These common microbial patterns are called pattern recognition molecules (PRMs) or pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). 

Until recently, most of the attention regarding allograft rejection focused on T cells and acquired immune response. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which sense conserved pathogen-derived molecules that differentiate infectious nonself from self... 

The first tier is primarily controlled by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that are activated by recognition of evolutionarily conserved pathogens or microbial-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or MAMPs, here P/MAMP). Activation of PRRs leads to intracellular signalling, transcriptional reprogramming and biosynthesis of a complex output response that limits colonization. The system is known as PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). " The second tier is effector-triggered immunity (ETI), which consists of a series... 

A new hypothesis links oxidized biomolecules to immune reactions via oxidation of self biomolecules generating new damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or oxidation-spedlic epitopes (OSE). Oxidation-derived DAMPs (oxDAMPs) are related to certain oxidative stress-associated disorders and can be recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system, and thus activate innate or adaptive immune responses. 

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