Effector-triggered immunity

The first tier is primarily controlled by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that are activated by recognition of evolutionarily conserved pathogens or microbial-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or MAMPs, here P/MAMP). Activation of PRRs leads to intracellular signalling, transcriptional reprogramming and biosynthesis of a complex output response that limits colonization. The system is known as PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). " The second tier is effector-triggered immunity (ETI), which consists of a series... 

The main site of the mucosal immune system in the gut is referred to as gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), which can be divided into inductive and effector sites. In the small intestine, the inductive sites are in the Peyer s patches, which consist of large lymphoid follicles in the terminal small intestine. The contact with external antibodies triggers a series of cascade events in the body based on immune response (Brandtzaeg et al., 1999). 

Figure 8.3. Schematic representation of bispecific antobody mediated tumor cell recognition by an immune effector cell. Summarised are effector cell types, trigger molecules and tumor associated antigens used as a targed as reported in the literature. From reference [37].

The lymph node harbors a composite population of dendritic cells (DCs)—residents and emigrants—capable of selection, stimulation and elimination of effector lymphocytes. These cells trigger adaptive immunity and/or tolerance. In the human lymph node T-cell compartment, two primary subsets of DCs, compared to six in mice, have been identified monocytoid CD 1 lb CD 1 and plasmacytoid interferon (IFN)-a produc-... 

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