Patient-derived xenograft models

Yoshida, T., Kinoshita, H., Segawa, T., Nakamura, E., Inoue, T., Shimizu, Y., Kamoto, T. and Ogawa, O. (2005) Antiandrogen bicalutamide promotes tumor growth in a novel androgen-dependent prostate cancer xenograft model derived from a bicalutamide-treated patient. Cancer Research, 65, 9611-9616. 

Siolas, D. and Hannon, G.J. (2013) Patient-derived tumor xenografts transforming clinical samples into mouse models. Cancer Res. 73, 5315-5319. 

Products that may have the potential to stimulate growth or induce proliferation or clonal expansion of cell types, in particular, transformed cells, all processes that may eventually lead to neoplasia should be evaluated with respect to receptor expression in various malignant and normal human cells that are relevant to the patient population under study [27], In such cases normal human cell lines and multiple human cancer cell lines expressing the relevant receptor, as well as primary cells derived from human tumor explants, should be used for in vitro assessment. When in vitro data demonstrate enhanced growth, further studies in relevant in vivo xenograft animal models with receptor expressing tumor cell lines may be needed. In addition incorporation of sensitive indexes of cellular proliferation in long-term repeat-dose toxicity studies may provide useful information. 

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