Patents devices

New DPI designs are numerous, with the novelty often associated with the technique for achieving powder aerosolization. Some of the recent patented devices incorporate an additional energy source to supplement the inspiratory force of the patient, in order to aerosolize the drug particles into the inhaled airstream. However, unless the addition energy source is breath activated (e.g. as in Spiros), such devices will be limited by the coordination difficulties typical of the pMDIs. 

A patentee has a cause of action against those who supply components of a patented product in the United States intending that the components be assembled into an infringing product abroad (176). A patentee may also sue one who imports, offers to sell or uses in the United States a product made by a patented method (177). Those who purchase a patented product from the patent owner or a licensee receive an automatic implied license to use and resell the product (178). The lawful owner of a patented device may also repair it or replace worn parts so long as this does not amount to recreating the patented device (179). 

Equipment for leaching operations is designed for either batchwise or continuous processing. For rapid leaching, it is best to reduce the size of the solids by grinding or slicing. The solids are contacted by the solvent using either percolation or immersion. A number of different patented devices are available. 

The patented device developed by Acosta et al. [2]. In this reflectance/ transflectance device, the glucose content is correlated to redistribution of fluids between vascular and extravascular and intra- and extracellar compartments. 

Novelty and prior art. A trade secret may be a device or process which is patentable but it need not be that. It may be a device or process which is clearly anticipated in the prior art or one which is merely a mechanical improvement that a good mechanic can make. Novelty and invention are not requisite for a trade secret as they are for patentability. These requirements are essential to patentability because a patent protects against unlicensed use of the patented device or process even by one who discovers it properly through independent research. The patent monopoly is a reward to the inventor. But such is not the case with a trade secret. Its protection is not based on... 

The cases discussed immediately above may be of particular relevance to the business development efforts of ABC. These cases support the position that ABC could use data generated from a patented device or process and the use of such data (such as for a business development presentation) would not be found to be an act of infringement - no making, using or selling of the claimed invention so no infringing act under 271(a). Thus, no 271(e)(1) exemption is required. 

Besides, the studies of the relaxation processes in nanolayers and ultrathin polymers films have now become possible with the help of a recently patented device (176) that detects radiation upon heating polymer sample preliminary evacuated and exited at the temperature of liquid nitrogen or liquid helium by low temperature-low power plasma. Figure 17 demonstrates a typical glow curve from surface of a PE film decomposed with the help of PeakFit program (177)... 

Not all trailers or trucks can be safely secured at docks. Trailers may not be equipped with ICC bars or the bar may be bent or missing. To mechanically secure these vehicles, a few new patented devices have been developed. For one specific unit, the process is as follows ... 

Machines. A machine is a device which is capable of manufactuting a product or completing a task such as removing hydrocarbon contaminants from siUca and dirt. Examples of machines iaclude an extmsion apparatus, a book biader, and a tractor. The U.S. Patent No. 5,020,462 tided "Thermal Remediation Apparatus and Method" (3) discloses both a machine and a process. 

Trade secrets may be any type of information, eg, formulae, patterns, compilations, forms, programs, devices, techniques, and processes, as weH as any patentable subject matter. However, in order for it to be a trade secret, there must be definite economic value in the information not being known to the pubHc or readily determinable by a third party. 

Patent laws provide for several stages in the life of an application for a patent on an invention. The pattern followed by patent laws in effect in most industrialized countries during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and still in effect in the United States in 1995, calls for the examination of all patent appHcations to certify that the claimed invention meets the national standards for novelty, usehilness, and inventiveness. The owner of the technology to be patented files appHcation papers that include a specification containing a description of the invention to be patented (called the disclosure) and claims defining the limits of the invention to be protected by the patent, a formal request for the issuance of a patent, and fees. Drawings of devices and apparatuses, electrical circuits, flow charts, etc, are an important part of the disclosures of most nonchemical and many chemical patents. 

Other expansions of FDA s authority include the Dmg Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, commonly known as the 1984 Amendments or the Waxman-Hatch Act, which was passed to attain quicker marketing of safe, effective, and less expensive generic dmgs and the Safe Medical Device Amendments of 1990, which was passed to correct perceived weaknesses in the implementation of the 1976 Device Amendments. Congress further expanded FDA authority over nutrition labeling and health and nutrient content claims on food labels with the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990. 

Electronic and Electrical Applications. Sulfolane has been tested quite extensively as the solvent in batteries (qv), particularly for lithium batteries. This is because of its high dielectric constant, low volatUity, exceUent solubilizing characteristics, and aprotic nature. These batteries usuaUy consist of anode, cathode polymeric material, aprotic solvent (sulfolane), and ionizable salt (145—156). Sulfolane has also been patented for use in a wide variety of other electronic and electrical appHcations, eg, as a coil-insulating component, solvent in electronic display devices, as capacitor impregnants, and as a solvent in electroplating baths (157—161). 

Arsine is used for the preparation of gallium arsenide [1303-00-0] GaAs, (17), and there are numerous patents covering this subject (see Arsenic and ARSENIC alloys). The conversion of a monomeric arsinogaHane to gallium arsenide has also been described (18). GaUium arsenide has important appHcations in the field of optoelectronic and microwave devices (see Lasers Microwave technology Photodetectors). 

Quadronics (L,iquid Dynamics) Extractor (Doyle et al., U.S. Patent 3,114,707, 1963, and others paper at AlChE meeting, St. Louis, February 1968) This is a horizontally rotated device, a variant of the Podbielniak extractor, in which either fixed or adjustable orifices may be inserted as a package radially. These permit control of the mixing intensity as the liquids pass radially through the extractor. Flow capacities, depending on machine size, range from 0.34 to 340 mVh (1.5 to 1500 gal/min). 

Of significance is the rapidly developing containerization system used for package cargo. SeaLand Corp. has developed a patented hner device which can be used to convert a cargo container into a bulk carrier. Figure 21-60 7 provides dimensions of typical bulk hopper-truck equipment. 

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