Patatin

In a very recent study in potatoes, inhibition of LCYE accumulation was accomplished by an antisense LcyE driven by the patatin promoter and allowed rechanneling of lycopene toward the P-carotene branch of the pathway to produce up to 14-fold increased levels of P-carotene as well as up to 2.5-fold increased total carotenoids. RNAi and TILLING for manipulation of carotenogenesis have yet to be reported, but these new techniques for suppression of function and generation and selection of allelic diversity are likely to impact future research and production of varieties with enhanced pigment accumulation. 

Rosahl S, Schmidt R, Schell J, Willmitzer L (1986) Isolation and characterization of a gene from Solanum tuberosum encoding patatin, the major storage protein in potato tubers. Mol Gen Genet 203 214-220... 

Rocha-Sosa M, Sonnewald U, Frommer W, Stratman M, Schell J, Willmitzer L (1989) Both developmental and metabolic signals activate the promoter of class I patatin gene. EMBO J 8 23-29... 

HUANG, S., CERNY, R.E., BHAT, D.S., BROWN, S.M., Cloning of an Arabidopsis patatin-like gene STURDY, by activation T-DNA tagging, Plant Physiol., 2001, 125, 573-584. 

Sonnewald U, Studer D, Rocha-Sosa M, Wilmitzer L. Immunocytochemical localization of patatin, the major glycoprotein in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Planta 1989 178 176-183. 

Developmental promoters that have been commonly used for vaccine production include patatin and E8 promoters derived from potato and tomato, respectively. Patatin is one of the major soluble proteins in potato tubers and is encoded by a multigene family. The patatin promoter is tuber-specific the protein is expressed in tubers but not in leaves (Grierson et al., 1994). Patatin has been shown to express vaccine protein in potato tubers at levels greater than the CaMV 35S promoter (Rocha-Sosa et al., 1989). 

Rocha-Sosa, M., Sonnewald, U., Frommer, W., Stratmann, M., Schell, J., and Willmitzer, L. (1989). Both developmental and metabohc signals activate the promoter of a class 1 patatin gene. EMBO J. 8(1) 23-29. 

Potato tuber protein complement is of interest to the potato starch industry, because high quantities of proteins can be purified from the potato juice by-product. Thus a number of studies on potato tuber proteins have been performed on cultivars grown for industrial starch production, such as Elkana in The Netherlands and Kuras in Northern Europe. A few studies have been performed on, e g., cvs Desiree and Bintje, which are commonly used for human consumption in Europe. The soluble proteins of potato tuber have been classified broadly into three groups patatins, protease inhibitors, and other proteins (Pots et al., 1999). Patatins and protease inhibitors are well characterized, whereas quite limited information has been available about the other major proteins. 

Figure 5.2 Patatin profiles of potato cultivars a. Desiree, b. Record, c. Pito, and d. Van Gogh. The two-dimensional gels were stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue.

Bauw, G.,Nielsen, H. V,Emmersen, J.,Nielsen, K., Jorgensen, M., Welinder,K. (2006). Patatins,Kunitz protease inhibitors and other major proteins in tuber of potato cv. Kuras. FEES J., 273, 3569-3584. 

Majamaa, H., Seppala, U., Palosuo, T., Turjanmaa, K., Kalkkinen, N., Reunala, T. (2001). Positive skin and oral ehallenge responses to potato and occurrence of immunoglobulin E antibodies to patatin (Sol 11) in infants with atopic dermatitis. Pediatr. Allergy Immunol., 12,283-288. 

Rydel, T. J., Williams, J. M.,Krieger, E.,Moshiri, F., Stallings, W. C., Brown, S. M., Pershing, J. C.,Purcell, J. P., Alibhai, M. F. (2003). The crystal structure, mutagenesis, and aetivity studies reveal that patatin is a lipid acyl hydrolase with a Ser-Asp catalytie dyad. Biochemistry, 42, 6696-6708. 

Sehmidt, M. H. H., Raulf-Heimsoth, M., Poseh, A. (2002). Evaluation of patatin as a major eross-reactive allergen in latex-induced potato allergy. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol., 89, 613-618. 

Sharma, N., Gruszewski, H. A., Park, S. -W., Holm, D. G., Vivanco, J. M. (2004). Purification of an isoform of patatin with antimicrobial activity against Phytophthora irfestans. Plant Physiol. Biochem., 42, 647-655. 

Strffitkvern, K. O., Schwarz, J. G., Wiesenborn, D. R, Zafirakos, E., Lihme, A. (1999). Expanded bed adsorption for recovery of patatin from crude potato juice. Bioseparation, 7, 333-345. 

Wheeler, R. M., Hannapel, D. J., Tibbitts, T. W. (1988). Comparison of axillary bud growth and patatin accumulation in potato leaf cuttings as assays for tuber induction. Ann. Botany, 62,25-30. 

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