Particle spark chamber

The tracks of alpha particles and of electrons ejected by X rays were first observed in Wilson chambers. Later the more advanced bubble and spark chambers were designed. Another type of detector, which is widely used for recording particle tracks, is one that fixes the changes in the structure of a medium when treated by certain chemical reagents. These are the photoemulsions and the different types of solid detectors.6... 

Spark chambers (or "streamer chambers") are a set of 5 to 10 metal plates thin enough for high-energy particles to cross them, in a chamber filled with He or Ne when particles cross the plates, a trigger signal sets up a strong electric field, and sparks fly from plate to plate two photographic films mounted perpendicular to the plates and to each other record the spark tracks across the plates. The spark chamber has been superseded by drift chambers and silicon detectors. 

Miyamoto invent the spark chamber to detect ionizing particles selectively. 

Flame plating (D-gun) employs oxygen and fuel gas. In this method, developed by the Union Carbide Corporation, the gas mixture is detonated by an electric spark at four detonations per second. The powders, mixed with the gas, are fed under control into a chamber from which they are ejected when detonation occurs. The molten, 14—16-pm particles are sprayed at a velocity of 732 m/s at distances of 5.1—10.2 cm from the surface. The substrate is moved past the stationary gun. 

In almost all dryers, there is a buildup of deposits on the inner surface of the drying chamber or an accumulation of dust layer in some dead areas. The material may also be stored in bulk form at the bottom of some dryers and in bins, hoppers, silos, or bags. Ignition of such a material can occur not only by typical high-temperature sources (i.e., electrical sparks or incandescent particles), but also by... 

Poschl, U., Letzel, T., Schauer, C., Niessner, R. Interaction of ozone and water vapor with spark discharge soot aerosol particles coated with benzo[a]pyrene O3 and H2O adsorption, benzofm] pyrene degradation, and atmospheric implications. J. Phys. Chem. A 105, 4029-4041 (2001) Prince, A.P., Wade, J.L., Grassian, V.H., Kleiber, K.D., Young, M.A. Heterogeneous reactions of soot aerosols with nitrogen dioxide and nitric acid atmospheric chamber and Knudsen cell smdies. Atmos. Environ. 36, 5729-5740 (2002)... 

The precipitators are large volume rigid chambers with electrostatic plates, which attract the charged dust particles in the gas and hence clean the gas stream. The precipitator plates are likely to produee sparks. 

High temperatures also increase the electrical conductivity of the product, lowering the maximnm electric field strength viable in the treatment chamber before undergoing a dielectric breakdown of the system, evidenced by an electric spark. In addition, air bubbles or suspended particles may also produce dielectric breakdown (Wouters et al., 2001a Gongora-Nieto et al., 2002, 2003). 

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