Chamber spark

Besides, IR-spectroscopy, reflectance spectroscopy, spark chamber method etc., may also be employed for the direct evaluation of chromatograms. 

Figure 15.2—Two instruments with spark ionisation. On the left, a Jobin-Yvon model JY-50E instrument. The opened spark chamber can be seen in the photograph. On the right, a model ARC Met-900 instrument from Metorex. The spark is produced by a gun connected by fibre optic to the spectrometer and situaied in the console (reproduced by permission of American Stress Technologies).

The tracks of alpha particles and of electrons ejected by X rays were first observed in Wilson chambers. Later the more advanced bubble and spark chambers were designed. Another type of detector, which is widely used for recording particle tracks, is one that fixes the changes in the structure of a medium when treated by certain chemical reagents. These are the photoemulsions and the different types of solid detectors.6... 

Spark chambers (or "streamer chambers") are a set of 5 to 10 metal plates thin enough for high-energy particles to cross them, in a chamber filled with He or Ne when particles cross the plates, a trigger signal sets up a strong electric field, and sparks fly from plate to plate two photographic films mounted perpendicular to the plates and to each other record the spark tracks across the plates. The spark chamber has been superseded by drift chambers and silicon detectors. 

These have been used for detecting gamma rays with high positional resolution in 2D-ACAR experiments (see 7.2) [20], although—principally for reasons of availability, lower complexity and more straightforward maintenance—scintillation detectors are more common. Very briefly, a spark chamber is modified to detect gamma radiation with positional... 

Fig. 66. Miniature spark chambers for spark ablation of metal samples. (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [213].)...

In spark ablation, a spark at constant density is obtained in a matter of seconds, and thus, particularly in the case of small spark chambers, preburn times are accordingly low. In plasma emission as well as in plasma mass spectrometry a linear dynamic range of more than 4 orders of magnitude can be obtained and RSDs are a few percent in the case of absolute measurements. However, as shown by the results in Table 6, they can easily fall to below 1%, when using an internal standard element (Fe in the case of steel samples). The matrix effects from the sampling... 

Liquid santillation method Autoradiography Spark chamber method Radioscanning... 

Figure 14.6 Atomic emission instrument with spark ionization. Left, Jobin-Yvon model JY-50. Details of the spark chamber in the open position. Right, mobile post of Metorex ARC Met-900 industrial analysis. The spark is produced by a gun, linked by an optical fibre to the spectrophotometer situated in the console (reproduced courtesy of Jobin-Yvon and American Stress Technologies).

Upper Spark Chamber Chambar PhotamiJltlpllar Tghas... 

---