Particle polarity test

This test is performed in order to determine the bitumen particle polarity of the bitumen emulsion and, hence, the type of emulsion (cationic or anionic). 

During the test, two steel plates (electrodes) are dipped into the bitumen emulsion and a direct electric current of 8-10 mA is passed through the plates. After approximately 30 min or when the current drops to 2 mA, whichever is achieved first, the bitumen deposition on the electrodes is observed. If bitumen deposition appears on the negative electrode (cathode), the emulsion is cationic. Otherwise, the emulsion is anionic. 

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As shown in O Fig. 28.3, in the upper region of the X-ray transitions, the particle may interact with and thus probe the electronic shell, while in the lower one it already probes the atomic nucleus as its wave function partially penetrates it. The region between is also interesting as those transitions are weakly influenced both by the remaining or recombined electrons and by the field of the nucleus there one can get information on the properties of the captured particle or test the effects of quantum electrodynamics. As an example, O Fig. 28.7 presents (Horvath and Lambrecht 1984) the various energy terms in the 5g 9/2 4f 7/2 transition in muonic lead here the contribution of the Lamb shift, which is the dominant such term in ordinary atoms, is quite small as compared to the other vacuum polarization effects. 

Walter HJ, Rutgers van der Loeff MM, Hoeltzen H (1997) Etrhanced scavenging of Pa relative to h in the South Atlantic south of the Polar front Implicatiotts for the use of the Pa/ h ratio as a paleoproductivity proxy. Earth Planet Sci Lett 149 85-100 Wheatcroft RA (1992) Experimental tests for particle size-dependant biotirrbidation in the deep oceans. Linmol Oceanogr 37(1) 90-104... 

The provision of fat-soluble vitamins and lipids is difficult, if not impossible, in various diseases. This is especially true for diseases that are accompanied by a lot of oxidative stress, for example, mucoviscidosis. The requirements of fat-soluble antioxidative substances are certainly high in these cases and can barely be covered by intramuscular injections because fat-soluble vitamins can hardly, if at all, be absorbed from oily preparations. Alternatively, the vitamins can administered via the buccal mucosa the fat-soluble substances have to be packaged in such a way that they can be transported in a watery compartment and are thus able to largely dissolve in the saliva. When they have an adequate size, they can then penetrate the buccal mucosa. One approach is the development of the so-called nanocolloids, that is, particles with a polar nucleus, in which the fat-soluble vitamin is dissolved, and an apolar wrapping (monolayer). This structure makes an oral application of fat-soluble substances possible. First tests demonstrated that vitamin A palmitate, a-tocopherol, as well as coenzyme Qio are thus able to enter the systemic circulation via the buccal mucosa. 

In the wide field of possible applications for MTS, the use of their properties of adsorption and steric selectivity is still to be explored. However, such applications require well-defined particles, especially spherical particles in the micrometric range. The synthesis of MSU-X silica that exhibits these shapes allowed us to test their properties in adsorption HPLC. Non polar solvent such as hexane are suitable to allow a significant separation. Further analyses and testing for size exclusion separation processes are under progress. 

Shell model calculations predict a quasi-shell closure at 96Zr. Therefore, it is of interest to measure g-factors of states in 97Zr and test whether they can be described by simple shell model configurations. The 1264.4 keV level has a half-life of 102 nsec, and its g-factor was measured by the time-differential PAC method at TRISTAN [BER85a]. The result, g-0.39(4), is consistent with the Schmidt value of 0.43, which assumes no core polarization and the free value for the neutron g factor, g g free. This indicates that the 1264.4 keV level is a very pure single-particle state, thus confirming the shell model prediction of a quasi-shell closure at 96Zr. 

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