Alkane parent names

One way to name an amine (there are many acceptable ways) is to generate a parent name by replacing the last e in the corresponding alkane parent name with the suffix amine (e.g., propane becomes propanamine), then inserting a number to indicate the point of attachment to N (e.g., propan-1-amine). w-methyipropan-i-amine... 

To name an aldehyde or ketone you start with the corresponding alkane parent name, remove the final e (for example butane becomes butan ), and add a suffix. 

Rule 1 Select the longest carbon chain containing the hydroxy) group, and derive the parent name by replacing the -e ending of the corresponding alkane with -ol. The -c is deleted to prevent the occurrence of two adjacent vowels propanol rather than propaneol, for example. 

Ketones are named by replacing the terminal -e of the corresponding alkane name with -one. The parent chain is the longest one that contains the ketone group, and the numbering begins at the end nearer the carbonyl carbon. As with alkenes (Section 6.3) and alcohols (Section 17.1), the locant is placed before the parent name in older rules but before the suffix in newer IUPAC recommendations. For example ... 

Locate the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms this chain determines the parent name for the alkane. 

Aldehydes use the parent name of their corresponding alkanes and the ending al. Therefore, the simplest aldehyde is meth-anal, but it goes by its common name formaldehyde. Aldehydes and ketones are often produced by the oxidation of alcohols. For example, formaldehyde is produced by the oxidation of methanol according to the following reaction ... 

The lUPAC naming of the alkanes is based on a prefix indicating the number of carbon atoms in the chain (as shown below) followed by the suffix -ane. For example, if a chain contains three carbons the parent name is propane, if four carbons the parent name is butane and so on. The remaining parts of the structure are treated as substituents on the chain. Numbers are used to indicate the positions of the substituents on the parent carbon chain. 

Alkalsit is a Ger blasting expi which is described in PATR 2510(1958), p Ger 3 Alkanes, Nitrated Derivatives (Nitrated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons). The first nitro-alkane described in the literature was 1,2-dinitroethane, prepd in Russia by A.Semenov. Since then hundreds of nitroalkanes, some of them explosive, were obtained. The reference given below describes old and new methods of prepn of nitro alkanes. Most of expl nitro alkanes are described in this dictionary under their parent names, such as methane, ethane, propane, etc Ref 0. vonSchickh, AngewChem 62, 547-56 (1950)(Chemie und Technologie der Nitro-alkane)... 

Pick out the longest continuous chain to which the hydroxyl group is directly attached. The parent name of the alcohol comes from the alkane name for the same chain length. Drop the -e ending and add -ol. 

The parent name comes from the alkane name of the same number of carbons. 

Pick out the longest, continuous chain of carbon atoms that contains the carboxyl group. The parent name for the compound comes from the alkane name for that number of carbon atoms. 

When naming alcohols, take the name of the parent alkane and drop the final e from the parent name. Then add the suffix -ol to the end of the parent name. For example, the first alcohol in Figure 11.8 has one carbon atom and four single bonds. It looks like methane, but it is an alcohol. The name of this compound will be methanol. The second compound has three carbon atoms and is an alcohol. This compound is called 1-propanol, the l indicating that the functional group is on the first carbon atom. The alcohol on the right is called 2-propanol. Because it differs from 1-propanol only by the location of the —OH group, it can be considered to be an isomer of 1 -propanol. 

In branched alkanes, if there is one methyl (—CH3) group on the second carbon, the "iso" prefix is added to the front of the parent name. 

Determine the chain with the longest continuous number of carbon atoms. This gives the starting name (often called the parent name) of the alkane. 

If there is no functional group (alkanes, parent heterocyclic systems, etc.), just name the skeleton. 

The names listed in Table 4.1 of Section 4.IB for the simple n-alkanes consist of the parent name, which indicates the number of carbon atoms in the longest carbon chain, and the suffix -ane, which indicates that the compounds are alkanes. The parent name for one carbon is meth-, for two carbons is eth-, and so on. Thus, we are already familiar with two parts of the name of an organic compound. 

Find the longest continuous carbon chain, and name the moiecuie by using the parent name for that number of carbons, given in Tabie 4.1. To the name of the parent, add the suffix -ane for an alkane. Each functional group has its own characteristic suffix. 

The lUPAC name of fatty acid is that of the alkane parent with the -e changed to -oic acid. The carboxyl carbon is carbon 1 ... 

Step 4. Name the compound by listing the substituents in alphabetical order, with the numbered location of each substituent preceding its name. The name(s) of the substituent(s) is/are followed by the parent name of the alkane, which is determined by the number of C atoms in the longest chain. 

In naming alkenes we indicate the positions of the carbon-carbon double bonds. The names of compounds containing C=C bonds end with -ene. As with the alkanes, the name of the parent compound is determined by the number of carbon atoms in the longest chain (see Table 24.1), as shown here ... 

Determine the name of the parent compound, the longest continuous carbon chain in the compound. Refer to Tables 11.3 and 11.6 to determine the parent name. Notice that these names are made up of a prefix related to the number of carbons in the chain and the suffix -ane, indicating that the molecule is an alkane (Table 11.6). Write down the name of the parent compoimd, leaving space before the name to identify the substituents. Parent chains are highlighted in yellow in the following examples ... 

Cycloalkanes are a family of organic molecules having C—C single bonds in a ring structure. They are named by adding the prefix cyclo- to the name of the alkane parent compound. 

This is a two carbon alkane. A chain of two carbon atoms is given the root eth. The parent names of alkanes are formed by adding the suffix ane to the root name of the longest carbon chain. This compound is called ethane. 

The rules for naming halogenoalkanes are very similar to those for naming alkanes the name of halogenoalkane Is derived from the parent alkane. Remember, however, to choose the longest carbon chain that also contains the halogen(s) as a starting point. 

Plan Because the hydrocarbon is an alkane, its name ends in -ane. The name of the parent hydrocarbon is based on the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms. Branches are alkyl groups, named after the number of C atoms in the branch and located by counting C atoms along the longest continuous chain. 

Bridged bicyclic alkanes are named in the manner bicyclo[numberMumber,number] alkane. As illustrated for bicyclo[3.2.1]octane, the parent alkane is the one with the same number of carbons as the total in the bicyclic skeleton. 

Locate the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms this chain determines the parent name for the alkane. We designate the following compound, for example, as a hexane because the longest continuous chain contains six carbon atoms ... 

Determine the parent name by selecting the longest chain that contains the double bond and change the ending of the name of the alkane of identical length from -ane to -ene. Thus, if the longest chain contains five carbon atoms, the parent name for the alkene is pentene if it contains six carbon atoms, the parent name is hexene, and so on. 

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