Parallel conductances resistances

It is assumed that e i ec and es ec. With these conditions, the equivalent thermal resistance is approximatively equal to the thermal resistance of the activated carbon. Therefore, the equivalent thermal conductivity along the radial direction is considered as equal to the activated carbon conductivity (Xr Xj. Along the axial direction, the thermal conductivity, Xy, is assumed to be the same as the aluminum conductivity. This condition is deduced from the electrical analog used to represent the heat flow inside the DLC by the parallel thermal resistances as follows ... 

Conduction through Several Bodies in Parallel Forn resistances in parallel, the rates of heat flow are additive ... 

The device characteristic in saturation does not exhibit a perfect current source characteristic as Vos is increased the current generally continues to increase with some rate. In silicon transistors this is to first order a manifestation of channel length modulation. While channel length modulation is theoretically possible in OFETs with a small L, parasitic parallel conduction paths are the primary contribute to the output resistance of OFETs in saturation. 

Reactance and. series resistance (real and imaginary parts of complex impedance) Susceptance and parallel conductance (real and imaginary parts of complex admittance)... 

The corrected capacitance C, and equivalent parallel conductance G,. for series resistance were evaluated from Equations 8.2 through 8.4 (Nicollian and Brews 1982) ... 

The term AR is found both in the Cole CPEp and the series resistance of Eq. 9.34. A change in a series resistance influences the value of the CPEp, so the series resistance is not a separate mechanism, but a part of the Cole polarisation mechanism. The ColeY equation does not allow an independent variable DC resistor in series with the CPEp. This limits the applicability of the ColeY equation in many real systems, because often series processes are processes independent of the CPEp. However, the parallel conductance Go of the ColeY equation is not correlated to AR, nor to x or flie a of the Zcoie- Go may therefore freely be regarded as an independent parallel conductance to the series Cole element. For example, in the skin, with sweat duct conductance in parallel with the... 

Impedance is the preferred parameter characterizing the two resistors, one capacitor series circuit, because it is defined by one unique time constant Xz (Eq. (12.8)). This time constant is independent of R, as if the circuit was current driven. The impedance parameter therefore has the advantage that measured characteristic frequency determining Xz is directly related to the capacitance and parallel conductance (e.g., membrane effects in tissue), undisturbed by an access resistance. The same is not true for the admittance the admittance is dependent both on xz and X2, and therefore on both R and G. 

Microwave in Microfiuidics, Fig. 3 Distributed element model for transmission lines. On a transmission line segment with a length of Ax, the electrical signal experiences a series inductance due to the magnetic field generated by the current, a series resistance due to the conductive losses over the conductive wire, a parallel capacitance due to the electric field developed between the two conductive lines, and a parallel conductance due to the current leaked through the insulating material... 

Fig. 21. Temperature-dependent resistance of Ce3Bi4Pt3 at various pressures. At P=0, r = 300K, the resistivity is approximately 200 xQcm. Saturation of the low-temperature resistance at the highest pressures most likely reflects the presence of parallel conduction due to impurity states in the gap.

Conductivity— The conductivity can be easily checked by printing two parallel conducting bars (silver paste) on top of the layer and by using an Ohm meter to determine the resistivity. The conductivity will typically be in the range of 400 to 600 S/cm. 

Series resistance factor 0 Parallel conductance factor 100 Source resistance 100 Load resistance 1.0 Step value of source voltage... 

Considerable stray currents can, of course, be caused by dc-driven cranes that load and unload ships where the rails act as the return conductor for the current. The rails run parallel to the harbor basin, quay walls of steel-reinforced concrete or steel piling walls. These can take up a large part of the stray current and conduct it further because of their small longitudinal resistance. Noticeable stray current inter-... 

In the parallel configuration, the same potential difference occurs across each and every element with the total current being the algebraic sum of the current flowing through each individual circuit element. Table 2-35 summarizes the equivalent resistance, conductance, capacitance, and inductance of series-parallel configurations of resistors, capacitors, and inductors. 

The dissipation factor is a ratio of the real power (in-phase power) to the reactive power (power 90° out of phase). It is also defined as (1) IT is the ratio of conductance of a capacitor in which the material is the dielectric to its susceptance, (2) IT is the ratio of its parallel reactance to its parallel resistance it is the tangent of the loss angle and the cotangent... 

The problem of axial conduction in the wall was considered by Petukhov (1967). The parameter used to characterize the effect of axial conduction is P = (l - dyd k2/k ). The numerical calculations performed for q = const, and neglecting the wall thermal resistance in radial direction, showed that axial thermal conduction in the wall does not affect the Nusselt number Nuco. Davis and Gill (1970) considered the problem of axial conduction in the wall with reference to laminar flow between parallel plates with finite conductivity. It was found that the Peclet number, the ratio of thickness of the plates to their length are important dimensionless groups that determine the process of heat transfer. 

Influence on Electrolyte Conductivity In porous separators the ionic current passes through the liquid electrolyte present in the separator pores. Therefore, the electrolyte s resistance in the pores has to be calculated for known values of porosity of the separator and of conductivity, o, of the free liquid electrolyte. Such a calculation is highly complex in the general case. Consider the very simple model where a separator of thickness d has cylindrical pores of radius r which are parallel and completely electrolyte-filled (Fig. 18.2). Let / be the pore length and N the number of pores (all calculations refer to the unit surface area of the separator). The ratio p = Ud (where P = cos a > 1) characterizes the tilt of the pores and is called the tortuosity factor of the pores. The total pore volume is given by NnrH, the porosity by... 

It is not usual to talk about the resistance of electrolytes, but rather about their conductance. The specific conductance (K) of an electrolyte is defined as the reciprocal of the resistance of a part of the electrolyte, 1 cm in length and 1 cm2 in cross-sectional area. It depends only on the ions present and, therefore it varies with their concentration. To take the effect of concentration into account, a function called the equivalent conductance, A, is defined. This is more commonly (and conveniently) used than the specific conductance to compare quantitatively the conductivities of electrolytes. The equivalent conductance A is the conductance of that volume of the electrolyte which contains one gram equivalent of the ions taking part in the electrolysis and which is held between parallel electrodes 1 cm apart (units ohm-1 cm4). If V cubic centimeters is the volume of the solution containing one gram equivalent, then the value of L will be 1 cm and the value of A will be V square centimeters, so that... 

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