Paraffin fume

Synonyms/Trade Names Paraffin fume, Paraffin scale fume ... 

Paraffin (oil) [8012-95-1 ] d 0.880, n 1.482. Treated with fuming H2SO4, then washed with water and dilute aqueous NaOH, then percolated through activated silica gel. 

Paraffin wax fume Paraquat, respirable sizes Parathion... 

Paraffin and Aromatic Hydi ocarbon may be separated by the action of fuming sulphuric acid, 4iich forms the sulphonic and with the aromatic hydrocarbon. The product is poured into water. The sulphonic acid dissolves readily in water, whereas the paiaffin is insoluble. 

The polymerization of ethylene in the presence of aluminum chloride is fundamentally changed by the presence of metallic aluminum (Hall and Nash, 72). The product which was obtained at a reaction temperature of 100-200° under superatmospheric pressure was a mobile fuming liquid which was shown to contain diethyl aluminum chloride, a liquid spontaneously inflammable in air. Less conjunct polymerization occurred, the lower-boiling product consisting of olefins mixed with only minor amount of paraffins. 

Etching of Glass with Hydrofluoric Acid. Cover a glass plate with a layer of paraffin. To do this, lower it into paraffin melted in a porcelain bowl and immediately extract it. Make an inscription with a penknife on the paraffin-coated surface so as to uncover the surface of the glass. Make a small paraffin barrier at the edges of the inscription. Pour a 10% hydrofluoric acid solution onto the paraffin-coated plate and let it stand in a fume cupboard. After one or two hours, wash the solution off the plate and remove the paraffin. What happened to the glass Write the equations of the reactions. 

To determine them quantitatively, the essential oil is oxidised completely with fuming nitric add, as in the estimation of petroleum in oil of turpentine (see Chapter IX, this volume). Some ethereal oils, such as rose, chamomile and neroli oils, contain naturally solid hydrocarbons (paraffin wax). 

Lithium shot or dispersion in liquid paraffin can be exposed to air during handling without deterioration. It may be transferred by pouring through a wide-necked funnel. Small quantities of the dispersion may be destroyed by washing with water to allow the lithium metal to react with water. Larger quantities should be suspended in ether and treated in a fume cupboard with dry t-butyl alcohol. Hydrogen is liberated in this reaction. 

G. B. Bachman and Hokama [104] have recently found that nitrogen pentoxide forms a complex with boron trifiuoride BF3.N205. The complex is a colourless, stable liquid in the presence of polychlorinated paraffins and a white solid in nitro-paraffins. It decomposes at ca. 75°C with evolution of brown fumes. 

SAFETY PROFILE Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion. Mutation data reported. A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or by chemical reaction with oxidizers. A severe explosion hazard when shocked or exposed to heat or flame. It is about as powerful as TNT. It is normally mixed with coUoided nitrocellulose or ammonium nitrate and paraffin wax. Can react vigorously with oxidizing materials and the derivatives can be explosive. The mercury and silver salts and other derivatives are much more impact-sensitive. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of NOx. See also NITRO COMPOUNDS. 

PROP Colorless or white, translucent wax odorless. D approx 0.90, mp 50-57°. Insol in water, ale sol in benzene, chloroform, ether, carbon disulfide, oils misc with fats. SYNS PARAFFIN WAX PARAFFIN WAX FUME (ACGIH)... 

---