Paper final properties

Collation. Collation is the process by which the individual laminate pHes are assembled prior to curing in the press. The buildup of the laminate determines the final properties of the product. The topmost sheet in the buildup may be a texturing or embossing paper as well as being a release sheet to allow for separation of the laminate from the caul plate used to mold it. 

But numerous papers published during rece t decades showed that hydrogen can be a very useful alloying element for production of new materials (such as hydrogen accumulators, neutron absorbers, etc.) or new technologies for alloy processing with improved treatment parameters as well as with the improved final properties of the alloys. ... 

The reactions of phosphorus chlorides with imines have been reviewed and lead in some instances (e.g.with 6) to the formation of pentacordinate phosphorus compounds (e.g. 8). On the whole, however, this chemistry involves tri- and tetracoordinate phosphorus. Finally in the introductory section, it should be mentioned that the stereoelectronic effect in oxyphosphorane species has been reconsidered in a recent theoretical paper. The properties of various... 

Of all the products added to paper, colour is often seen as the least important as, generally speaking, it adds nothing to the final properties of the paper. However, incorrect use of colour can turn paper, which would meet all the physical properties required of it, into paper which is unsuitable for sale, purely and simply because it is the wrong colour or shade. Correct use of colour, therefore, is of utmost importance to the papermaker. 

Polymer architecture plays a crucial role in final properties. Thus, in papers coated with carboxylated styrene-butadiene latexes, blister resistance decreases and dry pick increases... 

For what concerns the mechanical performances of liquid-crystalline polymers, many papers were published on the characterization of the LCP processed under different conditions. The major feature in determining the final properties of the extrudate or of the drawn fibers appears to be the conformation in the alligned state. It appears clearly that well oriented polymers exhibit higher values for the elastic... 

The results reported in this paper show that the parameters that enable a boehmite paste to be extruded have a drastic influence on its microtexture as illustrated for samples 1 and 2. Moreover, the textural features observed in the pastes are shown to be kept in the dried and calcined pastes. Accordingly, the tailoring of the final properties of extrudates should be improved by a better understanding of the relation between preparation parameters and pastes texture and cryo-microscopy is likely to be a promising tool to achieve this goal ... 

In a recent paper also poIy(vinylidene fluoride-trifluorethylene) copolymers have been studied as porous membranes as separator, regarding the impact of preparation methods and porosity on the final properties of the system [22]. 

Therefore, in a recent paper of Filgueiras et the effects caused by variable water vapor content of the carrier gas (0-8wt.%) on the course of the SSP of PET were analyzed, with emphasis on the IV. When humid nitrogen was used as the carrier gas, its water content exerted a pronounced effect on the course of the polymerization and on the final properties of the obtained polymer (Figure 14). The effects were more pronounced when the water content of the carrier gas, the reaction temperature, and the reaction time inaeased, indicating that the observed effects can be explained in terms of the... 

Considering the final product (e.g., paper), the moisture content in the surrounded air in fibers, thus, has significant infiuence on the strength properties of the product (Fig. 2.8). As a result, all tests of paper strength properties must be carried out under standard, constant air conditions (i.e., temperature 23°C, RH 50%). 

At the 4th Rubber Modified Asphalt Conference held in Akron, OH, USA in 2009, a wide-ranging paper was presented by Baumgartner [54] that addressed topics such as modified asphalt formulations, optimisation of the process temperature, and the ground tyre rubber loadings and particle size optimisation. The paper showed that rubber crumb produced from whole tyres contains around 30% reactive material for asphalt modification and that the asphalt source and chemistry directly influence the rubber loading and the final properties of the product. The processing time and temperature are also very important, as is the particle size of the crumb, which affects the efficiency of modification and the long-term performance. 

Sometimes it is not possible to add the chemicals to the sliury due to negative effects on the process or final property of the paper. A size press is then the normal equipment for application. It is integrated in the paper machine. 

Caro s acid is effective ia delignifying wood pulp (qv) made by chlorine-free bleaching sequences. When conditions are carefully controlled, the mechanical properties of the final paper (qv) are not impaired. These processes were developed ia the 1980s and commercialized ia the 1990s (68). 

Dispersion at temperatures of 90—110°C is a common final step io European mills processiog wax-coated old cormgated containers. Dispersion temperatures less than 90°C are reported to reduce wax particle size to improve pulp drainage properties on paper machines while improving paper strength (45). Dispersion has been used to reduce hot-melt adhesive, plastic coating, and asphalt particle size. These low density particles can then be removed from the pulp by flotation (46). 

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