Paper electrophoresis and

The difference between paper electrophoresis and paper chromatography is that electrophoresis separates by charge whereas chromatography... 

Peschanski, using the isotopic method ( ° Hg), has found complete exchange (0 °C) in methanol and various other non-aqueous media. The separation methods used were, (a) paper and column chromatography, (b) paper electrophoresis, and (c) precipitation of Hg(I) with chloride. In the presence of cyanide ions, however, less than complete exchange could be observed. Zero-time exchange was again found to vary in the same manner as for aqueous media. Similar effects were observed in the presence of chloride ions. 

Solution equilibria of Fe(III)/Cr(III) in methionine and Fe(III)/Cr(III) in methio-nine/penicillamine complex systems were studied by paper electrophoresis and were reported by Tewari [38]. The formation of 1 1 1 mixed ligand complexes is inferred, and the stability constants of the complexes at 35 °C and 0.1 M ionic strength were 6.80 0.09 (Fe(III) methionine penicillamine) and 4.60 0.16 (Cr(III)-methionine-penicillamine), respectively. 

On studying the KDO content of LPS from Xanthomonas sinensis, Volk and coworkers64 found that only one KDO residue per LPS chain is present in this organism. Moreover, the authors observed the formation of 4,7- and 4,8-anhydro derivatives (39 and 40) of KDO (see Scheme 14) under the conditions used for mild hydrolysis of the LPS with acetic acid. Free KDO was also shown to yield the anhydro derivatives under analogous conditions. The structures of these unusual side-products were identified by mass spectrometry, as follows. Reduction of 39 and 40 with sodium borohydride gave the two epimeric mixtu.es, 41 and 42. These were subjected to periodate treatment followed by borohydride reduction, the products separated by paper electrophoresis, and their trimethylsilyl ether derivatives analyzed by... 

Arsonic acids are easily detected on paper electrophoresis and chromatography by the fact that they bind Fe3+ tightly. Hence, they show up in the test of Wade and Morgan (130) for phosphates, in which the paper is sprayed with a solution of FeCl3 (1%) and sulfosalicylic acid (1%). Phosphonates and arsonates show up like phosphates as white spots on a purple background, because they remove the Fe3+ from its purple complex with the acid. For following column effluent, a test with a similar principle may be used. The sample is mixed with a buffered, acidic solution of Fe3+ and azide, and the absorbance at 450 nm is diminished by phosphates and phosphonates (52) we have since used this method successfully with arsonates. 

Bioassay includes observance of the growth rate of rats microbiological—L. caseli. and L. mesenteroides. Physicochemical methods include fluorimetry, paper electrophoresis, and polarography. 

LI. Lederer, M., In Introduction to Paper Electrophoresis and Related Methods. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1955. 

Pridham, J.B. 1959. Paper electrophoresis and paper chromatography of phenolic compounds. J. Chromatogr. A 2 605-611. 

Classical peptide chemists were steeped in the tradition of organic chemistry in which intermediates are carefully analyzed and purified to homogeneity. Since the assembly of a desired peptide by solid-phase peptide synthesis occurs without purification of intermediates it is likely that truncated peptides and other impurities accumulate on the resin these are difficult to separate from the desired product. Prior to the 1970s, thin layer chromatography, paper chromatography, paper electrophoresis, and microchemical analysis were used to assess peptide homogeneity. None of these were sufficiently sensitive to distinguish the impurities that were expected from the solid-phase approach. 

The latter group (M13, M14) separated two types of KIK factor from cancerous gastric juice. The first was a mucopolysaccharide and the second a mucoprotein. Others thought it to be a mucopolypeptide. A similar factor from cancerous ascitic fluid (19) contained 50-60% hexoses, 1.5% tyrosine, and 10% protein by biuret reaction. It formed a single peak at pH range 1.5-10.0 on paper electrophoresis, and at pH 8.6 moved with the mobility of serum y-globulin. 

Most significant information on the passage of serum proteins into the gastric juice has been obtained by means of electrophoretic techniques, especially paper electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis (see also Section 1.8). 

Fig, 23. Quantitation of pepsin by paper electrophoresis and hemoglobin digestion in 165 lyophilized gastric juices of humans. From Class (C3). 

Similar data can also be obtained through amino acid analysis of the yT-15 peptide which can be isolated from tryptic digest of y chains by a combination of paper electrophoresis and chromatography (C7). 

Chapter 3. Paper chromatography, paper electrophoresis and thin... 

Other useful pH values are pH 1.9 where fractionation depends mostly on the number of Up residues pH 3.5 where the four main ribonucleotides may be separated and higher pH values where differences between Ap and Cp can be exploited, although Rushizky et al. (1965) did not have much success at pH 4.0-4.4 with penta-to heptanucleotides. Degradation of purine nucleotides may occur at pH 1.9, although this is not observed on DEAE-paper electrophoresis and deamination of cytosine to uridine may occur at very high pH values. 

A particularly powerful procedure using paper methods is two-dimensional paper electrophoresis and/or chromatography. This is... 

D-mannopyranose), as demonstrated by paper electrophoresis, and (c) boric acid.106,114 Levoglucosan (6) does not itself show any tendency to form either similar anionic complexes392-395 or complexes with boric acid and its derivatives106,301,394,396,397 nevertheless, complexes with methanolic sodium acetate and potassium398 or sodium iodide,387 and with alkali hydroxides have been described.397,399,400 A zinc-ferric complex of levoglucosan of undefined structure,401,402 and complexes of levoglucosan esters with Lewis acids, have been prepared. 

T2. Tauber, H., Separation of a-keto acid dinitrophenylhydrazones by paper electrophoresis and their colorimetric determination. Anal, Chem. 27, 287 (1955). 

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