Panthothenate

High-specific activity D-P- H] panthothenic acid (Figure 10.8) was prepared from commercially available p-[3-3H]alanine using Escherichia coli strain DVl, which converted 85 to 90% of the input p-[3-3H]alanine to extracellular D-[3- H]panthoth-enate under appropriate growth conditions. The radiolabeled vitamin was purified... 

FIGURE 10.8 Structural formula of P-alanine and pantothenic acid. 1 — P-[3- H]alanine, 2 — D-[3- H]pantothenic acid, 3 — D-[l- C]panthothenic acid. Boldfaced letter H or C denotes radioactivity. 

Deficiency symptoms Deficiency of panthothenic acid is unlikely in man because of its widespread distribution in food, though it has been administered by mouth as a nutritional supplement as the calcium salt and usually in conjunction with other vitamins of the B group. 

Pantothenate deficiency is rare, occurring only in cases of severe malnutrition characteristic symptoms include vomiting, intestinal distress, insomnia, fatigue and occasional diarrhoea. Pantothenate is widespread in foods meat, fish, poulty, whole-grain cereals and legumes are particularly good sources. Although no RDA or RNI value has been established for panthothenate, safe and adequate intake of this vitamin for adults is estimated to be 3-7 mg day-1. Pantothenate is non-toxic at doses up to 10 g day-1. 

Common Name Calcium D-panthothenate Calcium pantothenate Structural Formula ... 

The potential of PBI LC-MS in the analysis of various vitamins was explored by Careri et al. [99-100]. The fat-soluble vitamins A, D, and E were analysed in food and multivitamin preparations [99]. Absolute detection limits in SIM mode were 0.6-25 ng after fast leversed-phase separation using a 97% aqueous methanol as mobile phase. Mass spectra in El, positive-ion and negative-ion Cl were obtained and discussed. The mass-spectral and quantitative performance of PBI LC-MS in the analysis of eleven water-soluble vitamins was also explored [100]. Detection limits were determined in SIM mode under positive-ion Cl, and were below 15 ng for ascorbic acid, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, and pyridoxal, around 100 ng for dehydroascorbic acid, panthothenic acid, and thiamine, and above 200 ng for biotin, pyridoxamime, and pyridoxine. Riboflavine was not detected. 

A rapid, simple, and specific TLC method has been developed for the estimation of panthenol and pantothenic acid in pharmaceutical preparations containing other vitamins, amino acids, symps, enzymes, etc. " The vitamin was extracted with ethanol (from tablets and capsules) or benzyl alcohol (from liquid oral preparations) and isolated from other ingredients by TLC on silica gel 60 plates with 2-propanol-water (85 15 vol/vol) as a solvent. p-Alanine (panthothenate) or p-alanol (panthenol) was liberated by heating for 20 min at 160°C. The liberated amines were visualized with the ninhydrin reaction and estimated by spectrodensitometry at 490 nm. Recoveries for panthenol and pantothenic acid were 99.8 2.25% and 100.2 1.7%, respectively. 

In addition to sulfate reduction and sulfide oxidation, isotopic fractionation data have been obtained for other conversions in the sulfur cycle. With the exception of sulfate and sulfite reduction by Saccharomyces cerevisiae under varied concentrations of added panthothenate (McCready et al.,... 

Vitamin B. See vitamin B complex thiamine riboflavin niacin panthothenic acid biotin cy-anocobalamin pyridoxine folic acid inositol. Vitamin C. See ascorbic acid. 

The biosynthesis of panthothenate and coenzyme A is outlined in Fig. 32 [151]. Hydroxymethylation of 172 followed by reduction and condensation with -alanine (formed by the decarboxylation of aspartate) gives pantothenic acid. Phosphorylation of panthothenate, followed by condensation with cysteine and decarboxylation gives 179. Adenylation, followed by a final phosphorylation at the ribose 3 -hydroxyl, completes the biosynthesis. 

The current status of the overexpression and purification of the panthothenate and coenzyme A biosynthetic enzymes is summarized in the table. 

The answer is e. (Murray, pp 627-661. Sciiver, pp 3897-3964. Sack, pp 121-138. Wilson, pp 287-320.) Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is found in fresh fruits and vegetables. Deficiency of ascorbic acid produces scurvy, the sailor s disease. Ascorbic acid is necessary for the hydroxylation of proline to hydroxyproline in collagen, a process required in the formation and maintenance of connective tissue. The failure of mesenchymal cells to form collagen causes the skeletal, dental, and connective tissue deterioration seen in scurvy. Thiamine, niacin, cobalamin, and pantothenic acid can all be obtained from fish or meat products. The nomenclature of vitamins began by classifying fat-soluble vitamins as A (followed by subsequent letters of the alphabet such as D, E, and K) and water-soluble vitamins as B. Components of the B vitamin fraction were then given subscripts, e.g., thiamine (Bi), riboflavin (B2), niacin [nicotinic acid (B3)], panthothenic acid (B5), pyridoxine (Bg), and cobalamin (B ). The water-soluble vitamins C, biotin, and folic acid do not follow the B nomenclature. 

Figure 7 Comparison of the separation of vitamins from a standard sample (bottom) versus a commercial vitamin preparation (top) via CZE is shown. Peaks (1) thiamine (2) nicotinamide (3) pyridoxide (4) panthothenate (5) ascorbic acid - reference [41],...

In studying the mechanism of action of bisquatemary ammonium compounds upon mediator exchange in the vegetative nerve system, most attention has been concentrated on the part played by thiamine and panthothenic acid. The results obtained from these studies have shown that thiamine and calcium pantheonate as antidotes exert a certain positive effect in acute poisonings by one of the bisquatemary ammonium compounds, such as hexamethylen-bis-(4-nitrobenzene) chlorine ammonium. Calcium pantheonate has shown a high antidote activity. 

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