Panax saponins

Yosioka, L, M. Fujio, M. Osamura, and I. Kitagawa A Novel Cleavage Method of Saponin with Soil Bacteria, Intending to the Genuine Sapogenin On Senega and Panax Saponins. Tetrahedron Letters 1966, 6303. 

Sun, H.X. et al., Adjuvant effect of Panax notoginseng saponins on the immune responses to ovalbumin in mice, Vaccine, 22, 3882, 2004. 

Ginsenosides are triterpenoid saponins found nearly exclusively in ginseng and they have been the target of a lot of research as they are believed to be the main active principles behind the claims of ginsengs efficacy. Ginseng refers to species within the genus Panax (Araliaceae... 

Asafu-Adjaye, E. B. and Wong, S. K. (2003). Determination of ginsenosides (ginseng saponins) in dry root powder from Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolius, and selected commercial products by liquid chromatography Interlaboratory study. /. AOAC Int. 86, 1112-1123. 

Dou, D.-Q., Chen, Y.-J., Liang, L.-H., Pang, F.-G., Shimizu, N., and Takeda, T. (2001). Six new dammarane-type triterpene saponins from the leaves of Panax ginseng. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 49, 442-446. 

Due, N. M., Nham, N. T., Kasai, R., Ito, A., Yamasaki, K., and Tanaka, O. (1993). Saponins from Vietnamese ginseng, Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. Collected in central Vietnam. I. Qiem. Pharm. Bull. 41, 2010-2014. 

Kohda, H., Tanaka, S., Yamaoka, Y., Izumi, H., Nuno, M., Isoda, S., Gotoh, K., Watanabe, T., Katsuki, S., and Satake, M. (1991). Chikusetsusaponin. VI. A new saponin from the rhizome of Panax pseudo-ginseng var. angustatus Hara. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 39,1588-1590. 

Komakine, N., Okasaka, M., Takaishi, Y., Kawazoe, K., Murakami, K., and Yamada, Y. (2006). New dammarane-type saponin from roots of Panax notoginseng.. Nat. Med. 60,135-137. 

Li, L., Sheng, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, C., and Guo, D.-A. (2004a). HPLC determination of four active saponins from Panax notoginseng in rat serum and its application to pharmacokinetic studies. Biomed. Chromatogr. 18,849-856. 

Li, L., Tsao, R., Dou, J., Song, F., Liu, Z., and Liu, S. (2005). Detection of saponins in extract of Panax notoginseng by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta 536,21-28. 

Morita, T., Kasai, R., Tanaka, O., Zhou, J., Tsungren, Y., and Dhoji, J. (1982). Saponins of Zu-Tziseng, rhizomes of Panax japonicus C. A. Meyer var. major (Burk.) C.Y. Wu et K.M. Feng collected in Yurman, China. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 30, 4341-4345. 

Sun, H., Ye, Y., and Pan, Y. (2005b). Immunological-adjuvant saponins from the roots of Panax notoginseng. Chem. Biodiver. 2, 510-515. 

Tanaka, O., and Yahara, S. (1978). Dammarane saponins of leaves of Panax pseudo-ginseng subsp. himalaicus. Phytochemistry 17,1353-1358. 

Tanaka, O., Han, E.-C., Yamaguchi, H., Matsuura, H., Murakami, T., Taniyama, T., and Yoshikawa, M. (2000). Saponins of plants of Panax species collected in central Nepal, and their chemotaxonomical significance. III. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 48, 889-892. 

Tran, Q. L., Adnyana, I. K., Tezuka, Y., Nagaoka, T., Tran, Q. K., and Kadota, S. (2001). Triterpene saponins from Vietnamese ginseng (Panax vietnamensis) and their hepatocy-toprotective activity. /. Nat. Prod. 64, 456 61. 

Yahara, S., Kaji, K., and Tanaka, O. (1979). Further study on dammarane-type saponins of roots, leaves, flower-buds, and fruits of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. Chem. Pharm. Bull. Tl, 88-92. 

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