Palliative

In the veterinary as in the human patient, neoplasms are often metastatic and widely disseminated throughout the body. Surgery and irradiation are limited in use to weU-defined neoplastic areas and, therefore, chemotherapy is becoming more prevalent in the management of the veterinary cancer victim (see Chemotherapeutics, anticancer). Because of the expense and time involved, such management must be restricted to individual animals for which a favorable risk—benefit evaluation can be made and treatment seems appropriate to the practitioner and the owner. In general, treatment must be viewed not as curative, but as palliative. 

Bot.) Tiliaceae. -holz, n. linden wood, bass-, wood, -kohle, /. linden charcoal, lindem, v.t. alleviate, aoften, relieve. — lind-emd, p.d. soothing, paUiative, lenitive. Lindeningsmittel, n. palliative, lenitive. 

Adding other substances which are claimed to act as palliatives for this form of attack. These include sodium sulphate, sodium nitrate and certain tannins. Experience indicates that the maintenance of certain ratios of chemicals is helpful to vulnerable boilers, e.g. sodium sulphate to sodium hydroxide a ratio of 2-50, and sodium nitrate to total alkalinity of 0.4. 

Cancer or neoplastic disease is a genomic disorder of the body s own cells which start to proliferate and metastasize in an uncontrolled fashion that is ultimately detrimental to the individual. Antineoplastic agents are used in conjunction with surgery and radiotherapy to restrain that growth with curative or palliative intention. The domain of antineoplastic chemotherapy is cancer that is disseminated and therefore not amenable to local treatment modalities such as surgery and radiotherapy. 

Munthe-Kaas MC, Carlsen KH. Haland G. Devula-palli CS, Gervin K, Egeland T. Carlsen KL. Undlien D T cell-specific T-box transcription factor haplo-type is associated with allergic asthma in childrea J Allergy Chn Immunol 2008 121 51 -56. 

This cement has retained its popularity to this day, despite its poor mechanical properties, because it is easy to use - it makes no demands on technique - is tolerant towards living tissues and is a palliative or anodyne. It is unlikely to be replaced, because, fortuitously, it is formed from two medicaments and, again fortuitously, is a sustained release agent for eugenol. 

PQRST Palliative/precipitating, Quality, Radiation, Severity, and Time... 

Chemotherapy may be given to cure cancers that are curable, or it may be given to help control the symptoms of an incurable cancer, which is referred to as palliative therapy. 

The goal of adjuvant chemotherapy is curative, whereas the goal of chemotherapy in the metastatic setting is palliative. 

Radiation is an important modality in the treatment of symptomatic metastatic disease. The most common indication for treatment with radiation therapy is painful bone metastases or other localized sites of disease refractory to systemic therapy. Radiation therapy gives significant pain relief to approximately 90% of patients who are treated for painful bone metastases. Radiation is also an important modality in the palliative treatment of metastatic brain lesions and spinal cord lesions, which respond poorly to systemic therapy, as well as eye or orbit lesions and other sites where significant accumulation of tumor cells occurs. Skin and/or lymph node metastases confined to the chest wall area also may be treated with radiation therapy for palliation (e.g., open wounds or painful lesions). 

Distinguish the treatment goals of palliative care versus those of first-line treatment. 

The treatment of recurrent disease depends on the time to recurrence. If the time to recurrence is less than 6 months, second-line therapy should be considered if the patient has an acceptable performance status (see Patient Care and Monitoring ). The most widely accepted second-line therapies in SCLC are topotecan alone or CAV [cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), vincristine]. Relapses occurring more than 6 months after treatment warrant a repeat of the initial regimen. Poor performance status patients (3—4) typically are treated with palliative care therapies. 

Develop a care plan based on treatment goals. If the goal is palliative care, how does treatment-related toxicity influence therapy ... 

Selection of palliative therapy for disease that has become refractory to all curative therapies... 

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