Paints application technologies

These compositions can be manufactured at the plant in accordance with the varnish-paint standard technology and be supplied to the user as a finished product ready for application to the substrates to be protected. 

Depending on the film-forming base and coating application technology we discriminate between inhibited paint and powder coats, as well as coatings formed by adhesive tapes. 

Air pollution eind political reaction, first in the Los Angeles basin then in the Sein Freincisco Bay area, started a series of regulations not only on automobile and factory exhausts, but also on most kinds of solvent-based paints. Quickly the technologies of latex paint and occasional, water reducible alkyds from the 1940 s were tried for all meumer of paint applications, both trade sales and industrial. While both kinds were successful then, for interior flat wall paints, neither served well in exterior, high gloss paints and their success in these, more difficult uses only now is emerging in the 1970 s. 

Equation 4.2 gives the theoretical work of adhesion for ideal interfaces and due only to surface phenomena. Adhesion is a much more complex phenomenon with many applications (e.g. paints, polymer technology and cleaning via surfactant-based formulations). We discuss wetting and adhesion in Chapter 6. Example 4.1 shows how the ideal work of adhesion can be estimated from theories for interfacial tension. 

Supercritical CO2. Union Carbide patented the novel use of supercritical carbon dioxide paint application as a means to effectively lower the VOCs of coatings. In this process, supercritical carbon dioxide, at conditions above critical temperature and pressure in the phase diagram (for CO2 the critical point is 72.8 atm and 31.1°C) acts as a liquid, and is utilized as a solvent enabling a coating to be applied at increased solids and reduced VOCs. Coating composition can remain essentially the same. Advantages of this technology include VOC emission reductions (up to 80% of the solvent can be removed), increased... 

It can be seen from what has been said that the technology of surface preparation and coating application is complex. Attention to detail cannot be ignored and every effort must be made to train painting inspectors as well as possible. Certification schemes are, without doubt, a positive step in this direction and should be supported. 

Titanium dioxide (E171, Cl white 6) is a white, opaque mineral occurring naturally in three main forms rutile, anatase, and brookite. More than 4 million tons of titanium dioxide are produced per year and it is widely used for industrial applications (paints, inks, plastics, textiles) and in small amounts as a food colorant. ° "° Production and properties — Titanium oxide is mainly produced from ilmenite, a titaniferous ore (FeTiOj). Rutile and anatase are relatively pure titanium dioxide (Ti02) forms. Titanium oxide pigment is produced via chloride or sulfate processes via the treatment of the titanium oxide ore with chlorine gas or sulfuric acid, followed by a series of purification steps. High-purity anatase is preferred for utilization in the food industry. It may be coated with small amounts of alumina or silica to improve technological properties. 

The development of new paint technology has mandated further improvements in the performance of non-chrome rinses. Greater use of a final water rinse in treatment applications has taken place particularly with the advent of anodic and cathodic electropainting which require the use of a deionized rinse to prevent paint contamination. High solids paints which tend to be more... 

---