Paint constitution and adhesion

A discussion of mechanisms of adhesion and the influence of paint constitution on adhesion is given in Paint constitution and adhesion. In this article, aspects of paint adhesion are considered that affect the paint film once it has formed. 

Flame treatment is used to improve the adhesion to relatively thick polyolefin objects. For many years, the method has been used to improve the adhesion of printing ink to polyethylene bottles. More recently, flame treatment has been used to improve the paint adhesion (see Paint constitution and adhesion) to polypropylene car bumpers. 

A simple form of the scratch test is used for assessing paint adhesion (see Paint constitution and adhesion). The scratch test, as described in this article, is perhaps best regarded as a useful comparative method of characterizing thin film adhesion. The test variables used should be carefully characterized and caution exercised in comparing results obtained in different laboratories. 

Paint constitution and adhesion N WHITEHOUSE Binder, pigment, adhesion mechanism... 

In this special volume on polymer particles, recent trends and developments in the synthesis of nano- to micron-sized polymer particles by radical polymerization of vinyl monomers in environmentally friendly heterogeneous aqueous and supercritical carbon dioxide fluid media are reviewed by prominent worldwide researchers. Polymer particles are prepared extensively as synthetic emulsions and latexes, which are applied as binders in the industrial fields of paint, paper and inks, and films such as adhesives and coating materials. Considerable attention has recently been directed towards aqueous dispersed systems due to the increased awareness of environmental issues. Moreover, such polymer particles have already been applied to more advanced fields such as bio-, information, and electronic technologies. In addition to the obvious commercial importance of these techniques, it is of fundamental scientific interest to completely elucidate the mechanistic details of macromolecule synthesis in the microreactors that the polymer particles in these heterogeneous systems constitute. 

Metal alkoxides, also known as alcoholates, constitute a class of compounds in which the metal atom is attached to one or more alkyl groups by an oxygen atom. These substances have the general formula, M—O—R, where M is the metal atom and R, an alkyl group. Many metals in the Periodic Table are known to form alkoxides. However, only a few of them have commercial applications. These include the alkali and alkaline-earth metals, aluminum, titanium, and zirconium. Metal alkoxides have found applications as catalysts, additives for paints and adhesives, and hardening agents for synthetic products. They are also used in organic synthesis. 

The binder is the most important component of a paint formulation. It binds the pigment particles in a homogeneous dispersion and fixes these particles to the painted surface, providing a final continuous film. Binders determine the application method, drying and hardening behavior, adhesion to the substrate, mechanical properties, and chemical and weathering resistance of the paints. The binder is dissolved in an appropriate solvent, and both binder and solvent constitute the vehicle of the paint. 

As discussed above, the nautical field is one of the most important fields in which epoxy resins are used, mainly as matrices for fiber-reinforced polymers but also as adhesives and paints. Unlike aerospace applications, in which epoxy resins have been the norm for years, in the nautical field nowadays more than 90% of pleasure boats under 60 feet are still made with polyester resin, thanks to their lower costs. In fact epoxy resins are more expensive than vinyl ester resins and the latter are about twice as expensive as polyester ones. Since the resin can constitute up to half the weight of a composite component, this price difference has a significant impact on the cost of the laminate. 

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