P-Chloromethyl styrene

Polystyrene-g-poly(ethylene oxide) was synthesized by the copolymerization of styrene and styrenic PEO with CpTiCb/MAO catalyst [190]. In this case the macromonomer was prepared by first reacting the sodium salt of PEO-OH with NaH and then with a 5-fold amount of p-chloromethyl styrene. 

The solid support is a special polystyrene bead in which some of the aromatic rings have chloromethyl groups. This polymer, often called the Merrifield resin, is made by copolymerizing styrene with a few percent of p-(chloromethyl)styrene. 

In view of the fact that benzylic cations are responsible for the initiation, graft copolymerization is feasible when the polymer supported pyridinium salts are employed. Endo and co-workers [41] prepared vinyl monomers having pyridinium salt structure. In this case, p-chloromethyl styrene was used as the benzyl halide and the general synthetic strategy was followed. The polymerizable salt was then homo and copolymerized with styrene (Scheme 7). 

The hydroxy-tempo derivative 11 is first reacted with p-chloromethyl styrene to give a Tempo capped polymerizable styrenic compound 12. Copolymerization of 12 with styrene gives the multifunctional initiator 13, which has a PS backbone with attached Tempo groups. Reaction of 13 with styrene at 130 °C gives the grafted copolymer 14. After cleavage of the benzyl ether bonds, a Mn of 23000 is determined with a Mw/Mn value of 1.20. 

Nakagawa and co-workers [18] used techniques based on high resolution Py-GC and Py-GC and TGA to measure thermal degradation of chloromethyl substituted polystyrene. A typical TGA weight loss curve is shown in Figure 4.1. Degradation starts at 200 "C and peaks at 400 °C. Typical pyrolysis products of chloromethylated styrene-divinyl benzene (St-DVB) copolymers are the monomers, dimers and trimers of styrene, p-methyl styrene, and divinyl and ethyl styrene. For styrene chloromethyl St-DVB copolymers, in addition to the above, /-methyl styrene monomer and m- and p-chloromethyl styrene monomers are also present in pyrolysates. 

HO-PEG-OH, NHa-poly (oxyalkylenediamine)-NH2 Hyperbranched poly (p-(chloromethyl)styrene) Williamson ether synthesis or nucleophilic substitution DS Drug release 91... 

Examples of the introduction of metals into polymer chain side groups by polymer analog conversions are the synthesis of poly(p-lithium styrene) [see (3-11)] and the conversion of poly(p-chloromethyl styrene) with sodium tungsten pentacarbonyl ... 

Preparation of hyperbranched polymers using ATRP involves self-condensing vinyl polymerization (SCVP) (Frechet et al., 1995) of AB monomers, which contain two active species, viz., the double bond A group (polymerizable) and the initiating site B. Two main examples explored in detail within the context of ATRP are p-chloromethyl styrene or vinyl benzyl chloride (VBC) and 2-(2-bromopro-pionyloxy) ethyl acrylate (BPEA) (Fig. 11.30). Several other (meth)acrylates with either 2-bromopropionate or 2-bromoisobntyrate gronps have also been used. 

The synthesis strategy for y/alcohols is depicted in Figurel 1,6a and 11.6b. 5/alcohols were converted into monomers or attached to polymer chains by several subsequent reactions. Etherification with allyl bromide resulted in allyl ethers [54] (Figure 11.6c). Phase transfer-catalyzed etherification of y/alcohols and p-(chloromethyl) styrene yielded y/styrene [35] (Figure 11.6d). By reaction with (meth)acryloyl chloride, sf (meth)acrylates were obtained, a method that was widely employed [36, 55, 56] (Figure 11.6e). Besides, the reaction of isocyanatoethyl (meth)acrylate with ... 

Some specific recent applications of the GC-MS technique to various types of polymers include the following PE [49,50], poly(l-octene) [51], poly(l-decene) [51], poly(l-dodecene) [51], 1-octene-l-decene-l-dodecene terpolymer [51], chlorinated polyethylene [52], polyolefins [53, 54], acrylic acid methacrylic acid copolymers [55], polyacrylates [56], styrene-butadiene and other rubbers [57-59], nitrile rubber [60], natural rubbers [61, 62], chlorinated natural rubber [63, 64], polychloroprene [65], PVC [66-68], silicones [69, 70], polycarbonates [71], styrene-isoprene copolymers [72], substituted PS [73], polypropylene carbonate [74], ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers [75], Nylon [76], polyisopropenyl cyclohexane a-methyl styrene copolymers [77], m-cresol-novolac epoxy resins [78], polymeric flame retardants [79], poly(4-N-alkyl styrenes) [80], polyvinyl pyrrolidone [81], vinyl pyrrolidone-methyl acryloxysilicone copolymers [82], polybutylcyanoacrylate [83], polysulfide copolymers [84], poly(diethyl-2-methacryloxy)ethyl phosphate [85], ethane-carbon monoxide copolymers [86], polyetherimide [87], bisphenol A [88], ethyl styrene [89], styrene-isoprene block copolymer [89], polyvinyl alcohol-co-vinyl acetate [90], epoxide thiol [91], maleic acid-propylene copolymer [92], P-hydroxy butyrate-P-hydroxy valerate copolymer [93], polycaprolactams [39,94], PS [95,96], polypyrrole [95,96], polyhydroxy alkanoates [97], poly(p-chloromethyl) styrene [81], polybenzooxazines and siloxy substituted polyoxadisila-pentanylenes [98,99] poly benzyl methacrylates [100], polyolefin blends after ageing in soil [101] and polystyrene peroxide [43]. 

Finally, it is worth noting that optically active polymers containing pendant carbazole units have been prepared by attachment of the carbazole group to chemically activated, optically active macromolecules, such as coisotactic copolymers of chiral a-olefins and p-chloromethyl styrene... 

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